{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:40:08Z","timestamp":1761745208473,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN 1731-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 1731-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UBC PMC-Sierra Professorship in Networking and Communications"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2020.2977689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T21:02:23Z","timestamp":1583182943000},"page":"7035-7045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Analysis of Proof-of-Work-Based Blockchains Under an Adaptive Double-Spend Attack"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4519-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Ramezan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"article-title":"Analysis of hashrate-based double spending","year":"2014","author":"rosenfeld","key":"ref33"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898719734"},{"journal-title":"Introduction to Probability Models","year":"2014","author":"ross","key":"ref31"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29840-0"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3211933.3211941"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021902491850053X"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Speed-security tradeoffs in blockchain protocols","author":"kiayias","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Bitcoin gold suffers double spend attacks, $17.5 million lost","author":"osborne","year":"2018","journal-title":"ZDNet"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Bittrex to delist Bitcoin gold by mid-september, following $18 million hack of BTG in May","author":"partz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cointelegraph"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Verge blockchain comes under attack, again","author":"osborne","year":"2018","journal-title":"ZDNet"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"357","article-title":"Ouroboros: A provably secure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol","author":"kiayias","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 37th Annu Int Cryptology Conf"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56614-6_22"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3212998"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44774-1_6"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"The economics of bitcoin mining, or Bitcoin in the presence of adversaries","author":"kroll","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Econ Inform Secur"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48051-9_5"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2283679"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2013.34"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3174"},{"article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","year":"2018","author":"nakamoto","key":"ref3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2902563"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39028-4_9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2903342"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4029591"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"151","article-title":"A security provisioned blockchain architecture for multipurpose health information","volume":"116","author":"saha1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Adv Sci Technol"},{"year":"2018","key":"ref2","article-title":"Filecoin Project"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An empirical study of namecoin and lessons for decentralized namespace design","author":"kalodner","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Econ Inf Sec"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the phase space of block-hiding strategies","author":"shomer","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2017.44"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"129","article-title":"Eclipse attacks on Bitcoin's peer-to-peer network","author":"heilman","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2911969"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2016.12.006"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00216"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/10949"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9424\/9153960\/09020129.pdf?arnumber=9020129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T16:58:53Z","timestamp":1651078733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9020129\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tii.2020.2977689","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-3203"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1941-0050"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}