{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:53:16Z","timestamp":1782575596767,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62471355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62471355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tim.2025.3553191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T19:14:05Z","timestamp":1742584445000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Small Target Classification of Maritime Radars Using Standardized Time-Frequency Distribution Images and Residual Networks With Improved Focal Loss"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9060-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3198-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9422-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi-Jian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5921-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng-Lang","family":"Shui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","first-page":"125","article-title":"A periscope detection radar","volume":"19","author":"Ousborne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","first-page":"674","article-title":"Summary of marine radar target characteristic","volume":"9","author":"Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Radars"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.08.012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2017.2726098"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.3027470"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2551720"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2776357"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3013968"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3272383"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11162573"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2006.314573"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198183"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bpasts-2015-0044"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1879327"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3169573"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3288254"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3298408"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3154832"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2014.120657"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2838260"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3192986"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738388"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"The IPIX Radar Database","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"The Defense, Peace, Safety, and Security Unit of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-2.1990.0009"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3254513"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3259953"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3240693"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3043267"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2020.3033149"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2019.2923403"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3342231"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3182303"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3197937"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3210759"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3180392"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3265805"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Simonyan"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01167"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2923790"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuRAD.2015.7346332"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/rsn2.12260"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.02.005"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Picture processing system by computer complex and recognition of human faces","author":"Takeo","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Multirate Systems and Filter Banks"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1981.11969"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2036471"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.149993"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3048632"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"248","volume":"5","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digital Image Processing"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00234-2"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"201","volume":"9","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Ioffe"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143874"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.469854"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"50","volume":"4","author":"Mallat","year":"1999","journal-title":"A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/19\/10764799\/10935761.pdf?arnumber=10935761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T07:40:59Z","timestamp":1743838859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10935761\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tim.2025.3553191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9456","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}