{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:58:09Z","timestamp":1774871889088,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Image Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2015.2468173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T14:49:38Z","timestamp":1439563778000},"page":"4780-4795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["<italic>Spartans<\/italic>: Single-Sample Periocular-Based Alignment-Robust Recognition Technique Applied to Non-Frontal Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Juefei-Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khoa","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Savvides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184617","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/184617","article-title":"Recognition of faces in unconstrained environments: A comparative study","volume":"2009","author":"ruiz-del-solar","year":"2009","journal-title":"EURASIP J Adv Signal Process"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"4295","article-title":"Effective face frontalization in unconstrained images","author":"hassner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE CVPR"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"252","article-title":"Large margin multi-metric learning for face and kinship verification in the wild","author":"hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis (ACCV)"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.242"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"904","article-title":"Unsupervised discriminant projection analysis for feature extraction","volume":"1","author":"yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 18th ICPR"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"1","article-title":"Local higher-order statistics (LHS) for texture categorization and facial analysis","author":"sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 12th Eur Conf Comput Vis (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.27.8"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712721"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.456"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017467"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NNSP.1999.788121"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2096810"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5544621"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2010.5634536"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2010.5634537"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2159205"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995494"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459197"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206605"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.382969"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Descriptor based methods in the wild","author":"wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Faces Real-Life Images Workshop Eur Conf Comput Vis (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408858"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"88","article-title":"Similarity scores based on background samples","author":"wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis (ACCV)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1008"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"709","article-title":"Cosine similarity metric learning for face verification","author":"nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 10th Asian Conf Comput Vis (ACCV)"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"153","article-title":"Locality preserving projections","author":"he","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Adv NIPS"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771385"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distance metric learning with eigenvalue optimization","volume":"13","author":"ying","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2010.5634509"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247968"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.299"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.246"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1996.8.6.1321"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Boston Marathon Bombing"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Driver cell phone usage detection on strategic highway research program (SHRP2) face view videos","author":"seshadri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit (CVPR) Workshops"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Labeled faces in the wild: A database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments","author":"huang","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2009.5339068"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2008.4813399"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.268"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.14.001724"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1991.139758"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.26.003633"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Single face image super-resolution via solo dictionary learning","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process (ICIP)"},{"key":"ref59","author":"huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Results on the Labeled Faces in the Wild"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"825","article-title":"Facial ethnic appearance synthesis","volume":"8926","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"NIR-VIS heterogeneous face recognition via cross-spectral joint dictionary learning and reconstruction","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit (CVPR) Workshops"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pareto-optimal discriminant analysis","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process (ICIP)"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"17","article-title":"Eigen-PEP for video face recognition","author":"li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis (ACCV)"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Labeled faces in the wild: Updates and new reporting procedures","author":"huang","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712707"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigating the feasibility of image-based nose biometrics","author":"zehngut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process (ICIP)"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Image matching using subspacebased discrete transform encoded local binary patterns","author":"savvides","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2329460"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.389"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust periocular biometric recognition using multi-level fusion of various local feature extraction techniques","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 17th Int Conf Digit Signal Process (DSP)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2012.6163051"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS.2011.6140879"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Multi-class Fukunaga Koontz discriminant analysis for enhanced face recognition","author":"juefei-xu","year":"0","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2015.7301326"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.16"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2012.6374552"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pokerface: Partial order keeping and energy repressing method for extreme face illumination normalization","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Biometrics Theory Appl Syst (BTAS)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7351398"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"25","article-title":"A preliminary investigation on the sensitivity of COTS face recognition systems to forensic analyst-style face processing for occlusions","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit (CVPR) Workshops"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.55"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11612704_43"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004155"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.123"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Generic elastic models for 2D pose synthesis and face recognition","author":"heo","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117600"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust local binary pattern feature sets for periocular biometric identification","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 4th IEEE Int Conf Biometrics Theory Appl Syst (BTAS)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.884094"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.6"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/047003534X"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"148","article-title":"Weight-optimal local binary patterns","volume":"8926","author":"juefei-xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.44","article-title":"A variance minimization criterion to feature selection using Laplacian regularization","volume":"33","author":"he","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.454"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.449"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029666.37597.d3"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2009.5339057"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/83\/7271151\/07194796.pdf?arnumber=7194796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1642003360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7194796\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tip.2015.2468173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-7149","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}