{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:11:22Z","timestamp":1792689082336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High-Technology Program of China (863 Program)","award":["2014AA012301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014AA012301"]}]},{"name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","award":["IRT13090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT13090"]}]},{"name":"Program of Shaanxi Province Innovative Research Team","award":["2014KCT-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014KCT-17"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1651166-CNS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1651166-CNS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61622205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61622205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR15F020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR15F020002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Image Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2017.2667405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T14:18:04Z","timestamp":1486649884000},"page":"1923-1938","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["HD-MTL: Hierarchical Deep Multi-Task Learning for Large-Scale Visual Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8768-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinye","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.465"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.231"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.98"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.212"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.244"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"1799","article-title":"Joint training of a convolutional network and a graphical model for human pose estimation","author":"tompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299032"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2014.6835990"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"170","article-title":"Hierarchically classifying documents using very few words","author":"koller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.113"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556195.2556264"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"543","article-title":"Tree-guided group lasso for multi-task regression with structured sparsity","author":"kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2690","article-title":"Hierarchical multitask structured output learning for large-scale sequence segmentation","author":"g\u00f6rnitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11880561_2"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031171.1031186"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"37","article-title":"Hierarchical regularization cascade for joint learning","volume":"28","author":"zweig","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regularization framework for large-scale hierarchical classification","author":"gopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc ECML-PKDD"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-008-5050-1"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.314"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2579306"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"2094","article-title":"Discriminative transfer learning with tree-based priors","author":"srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2205006"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Dropout: A simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting","volume":"15","author":"srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.189"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"620","article-title":"Towards an optimal stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers","author":"azadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"80","article-title":"Stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers","author":"ouyang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Multi-task learning: Multiple kernels for multiple tasks","author":"wu","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"3320","article-title":"How transferable are features in deep neural networks?","author":"yosinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"818","article-title":"Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks","author":"zeiler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298642"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2733373.2806216"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654926"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.114"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Probabilistic boosting-tree: Learning discriminative models for classification, recognition, and clustering","author":"tu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE ICCV"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587622"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"615","article-title":"Learning multiple tasks with kernel methods","volume":"6","author":"evgeniou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2457337"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2011.139"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315241"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654889"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"647","article-title":"DeCAF: A deep convolutional activation feature for generic visual recognition","author":"donahue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-014-0767-8"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Shared roots: Regularizing deep neural networks through multitask learning","author":"teterwak","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654931"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2013.6738596"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"94","article-title":"Facial landmark detection by deep multi-task learning","author":"zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"409","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"2","article-title":"Network in network","author":"lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.916999"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"248","article-title":"ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database","author":"deng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE CVPR"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015330.1015374"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383272"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"48","article-title":"Large-scale object classification using label relation graphs","volume":"8689","author":"deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"479","article-title":"Constructing category hierarchies for visual recognition","author":"marszalek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.264"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.81"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587410"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206574"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"163","article-title":"Label embedding trees for large multi-class tasks","author":"bengio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2538028"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587620"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"1","article-title":"A convex formulation for learning task relationships in multi-task learning","author":"zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc UAI"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"567","article-title":"Fast and balanced: Efficient label tree learning for large scale object recognition","author":"deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126238"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"110","article-title":"Fast stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers","author":"zhong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"71","article-title":"What does classifying more than 10,000 image categories tell us?","author":"deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.237"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2014.6836095"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995477"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Learning multiple tasks with deep relationship networks","author":"long","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2012.2197604"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"97","article-title":"Learning transferable features with deep adaptation networks","author":"long","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6248090"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298880"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/N15-1092"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"2072","article-title":"Discriminative learning of relaxed hierarchy for large-scale visual recognition","author":"gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE ICCV"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"621","article-title":"Learning a tree of metrics with disjoint visual features","author":"hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-2604-3_16"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"293","article-title":"Similarity metrics for categorization: From monolithic to category specific","author":"bakenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE ICCV"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247938"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.40"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hierarchical classification via orthogonal transfer","author":"zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"2595","article-title":"Parallelized stochastic gradient descent","author":"zinkevich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.31"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielaam\/83\/7864504\/7849143-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/83\/7864504\/07849143.pdf?arnumber=7849143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T14:48:22Z","timestamp":1649429302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7849143\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tip.2017.2667405","relation":{"is-referenced-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00261-025-05195-1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-7149","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}}}