{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:13:44Z","timestamp":1784258024002,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61422203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61422203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61622203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61622203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61232007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61232007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar","award":["BK20140022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20140022"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Wireless Communications Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Image Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2017.2689998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T23:34:15Z","timestamp":1490916855000},"page":"2825-2838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":423,"title":["Deep Label Distribution Learning With Label Ambiguity"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bin-Bin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"391","article-title":"Edge boxes: Locating object proposals from edges","author":"zitnick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.414"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1009","article-title":"BJUT-3D large scale 3D face database and information processing","volume":"46","author":"yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comput Res Develop"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating face orientation from robust detection of salient facial structures","author":"gourier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc FG Net Workshop Visual Observation of Deictic Gestures"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0940-3"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2015.41"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"CNN: Single-label to multi-label","author":"wei","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2015.7301354"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01450852"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2011.6130513"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16811-1_10"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2387379"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.06.006"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.123"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FGR.2006.78"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2733373.2807412"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Divergence measures and message passing","author":"minka","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2015.40"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"720","article-title":"Face detection without bells and whistles","author":"mathias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2545658"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"109","article-title":"Efficient inference in fully connected CRFs with Gaussian edge potentials","author":"krahenbuhl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets and fully connected CRFs","author":"chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representat"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.324"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"280","article-title":"Exploit bounding box annotations for multi-label object recognition","author":"yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995458"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2481327"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16811-1_6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.446"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Represent"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"6","article-title":"Deep face recognition","author":"parkhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"818","article-title":"Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks","author":"zeiler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.51"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2405483"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.486"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.237"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126343"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2655445"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.222"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regional gating neural networks for multi-label image classification","author":"zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2545300"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2491929"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Deep convolutional ranking for multilabel image annotation","author":"gong","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995330"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.112"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/83\/7896673\/07890384.pdf?arnumber=7890384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:14:05Z","timestamp":1642004045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7890384\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tip.2017.2689998","relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-7149","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}