{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:39:13Z","timestamp":1775273953396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009967","name":"Key Science and Technology Research Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Image Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2025.3588323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T18:01:33Z","timestamp":1752775293000},"page":"4618-4630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ED<sup>4<\/sup>: Explicit Data-Level Debiasing for Deepfake Detection"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6549-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jikang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6005-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WeChat, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7242-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-8655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WeChat, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2018.8630761"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02367"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2004.10934"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Approximating CNNs with bag-of-local-features models works surprisingly well on ImageNet","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Brendel"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00408"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2018.00097"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01815"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"GridMask data augmentation","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2001.04086"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00530"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"DiffusionFace: Towards a comprehensive dataset for diffusion-based face forgery analysis","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.18471"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.195"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00582"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"DeepFakes","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Deepfake Detection Challenge","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"DFD","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00389"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"FaceSwap","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00500"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3246793"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00436"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"FakeAVCeleb: A novel audio-video multimodal deepfake dataset","author":"Khalid","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2108.05080"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Last layer re-training is sufficient for robustness to spurious correlations","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Kirichenko"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"DomainNet: Homograph detection for data lake disambiguation","author":"Leventidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2103.09940"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00505"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Exposing DeepFake videos by detecting face warping artifacts","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1811.00656"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"3207","article-title":"Celeb-DF: A new dataset for DeepFake forensics","volume-title":"Proc. CVPR","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19781-9_8"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73016-0_7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00083"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Towards out-of-distribution generalization: A survey","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2108.13624"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00829"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01605"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8682602"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00011"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"DeepFaceLab: Integrated, flexible and extensible face-swapping framework","author":"Perov","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2005.05535"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3441821"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58610-2_6"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00009"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2016.01.002"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"9573","article-title":"The pitfalls of simplicity bias in neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Shah"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01816"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00702"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Salient ImageNet: How to discover spurious features in deep learning?","author":"Singla","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2110.04301"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i2.20130"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"6105","article-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Tan"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3323035"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.262"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72943-0_23"},{"issue":"86","key":"ref51","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01468"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00872"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992696"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19784-0_4"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02071"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00858"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"DF40: Toward next-generation deepfake detection","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.13495"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02048"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"DeepfakeBench: A comprehensive benchmark of deepfake detection","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2307.01426"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3289321"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00612"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.1710.09412"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00828"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.7000"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20065-6_23"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413769"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/83\/10795784\/11083677.pdf?arnumber=11083677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T17:58:14Z","timestamp":1753379894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11083677\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tip.2025.3588323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-7149","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}