{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:47:20Z","timestamp":1778197640386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62376223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62376223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Fund Project of Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Aircraft Optical Imaging and Measurement Technology","award":["2023-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Image Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2026.3654892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:04:43Z","timestamp":1769115883000},"page":"1127-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unc-SOD: An Uncertainty Learning Framework for Small Object Detection"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4927-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3501853"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3290594"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3305120"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3297408"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00789"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_13"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Deformable DETR: Deformable transformers for end-to-end object detection","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Zhu"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01780"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"10144","article-title":"Not all tokens matter all the time: Dynamic token aggregation towards efficient detection transformers","volume-title":"Proc. 42nd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Cheng"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2956516"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2858826"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3032166"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Objects as points","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1904.07850"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_45"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00581"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3074273"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00304"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093394"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3415809"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00300"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00059"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"21002","article-title":"Generalized focal loss: Learning qualified and distributed bounding boxes for dense object detection","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. (NIPS)","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00308"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Cascade RPN: Delving into high-quality region proposal network with adaptive convolution","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Vu"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20077-9_31"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00120"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3286896"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72643-9_1"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02828"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.00444"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00984"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49660.2025.10887941"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00978"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58595-2_22"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00917"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108998"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00538"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS58592.2024.10801448"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Estimating and evaluating regression predictive uncertainty in deep object detectors","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Harakeh"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67832-6_32"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV51458.2022.00267"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00355"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-25085-9_2"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3295222.3295309"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Can you trust your model\u2019s uncertainty? Evaluating predictive uncertainty under dataset shift","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Ovadia"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3042219"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3076466"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01819"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3532243"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1906.07155"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00350"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9413340"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3425655"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2024.3506734"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2838132"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00310"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO series in 2021","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2107.08430"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00729"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2025.3572706"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3382099"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00975"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Ultralytics YOLOv5","author":"Jocher","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Ultralytics YOLOv8","author":"Jocher","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"YOLOv10: Real-time end-to-end object detection","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.14458"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Ultralytics YOLO11","author":"Jocher","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01605"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01422"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3514376"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.232"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3119563"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3062048"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00187"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3191753"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2974745"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3149780"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3363614"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i7.28502"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00840"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.06.011"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01291"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3319634"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"An image is worth 16\u00d716 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Dosovitskiy"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01008"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/83\/11355710\/11361337.pdf?arnumber=11361337","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:57:06Z","timestamp":1770152226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11361337\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tip.2026.3654892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-7149","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}