{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:56:16Z","timestamp":1781585776459,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2010.2077281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,8]],"date-time":"2010-10-08T12:26:06Z","timestamp":1286540766000},"page":"97-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Detecting Driver Sleepiness Using Optimized Nonlinear Combinations of Sleepiness Indicators"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Akerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Anund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Kecklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Wahde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"ref38","author":"holland","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.1.1","article-title":"Validation of the S and C components of the three-process model of alertness regulation","volume":"18","author":"kerstedt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1017069"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"231","article-title":"Towards a model for the prediction of alertness and\/or fatigue on different sleep\/wake schedules","author":"folkard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contemporary Advances in Shiftwork Research Theoretical and Practical Aspects in the Late Eighties"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087101300503","article-title":"Analysis of drivers control movements","volume":"17","author":"mclean","year":"1971","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00504.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.011"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050131"},{"key":"ref34","author":"haykin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Networks A Comprehensive Foundation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2008.2011707"},{"key":"ref40","author":"wahde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biologically Inspired Optimization Methods An Introduction"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2009.04.005"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.02.021"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00048-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872099779577336"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00089-6","article-title":"Predicting drowsiness accidents from personal attributes, eye blinks and ongoing driving behavior","volume":"28","author":"verwey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Person Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"18","article-title":"Variability of driving performance during microsleeps","author":"paul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Driving Symp Human Factors Driving Assessment Training and Vehicle Design"},{"key":"ref17","author":"wierwille","year":"1996","journal-title":"Research on vehicle-based driver status\/performance monitoring Part III"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"415","article-title":"Driver assistance systems to rate drowsiness: A preliminary study","author":"bhuiyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc New Adv Intell Decis Technol Results 1st KES Int Symp IDT"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"553","article-title":"Evaluation of a smart algorithm for commercial vehicle driver drowsiness detection","author":"eskandarian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Intell Veh Symp"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7346.1125"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088402600302","article-title":"The development of a time-related measure to describe driving strategy","volume":"26","author":"godthelp","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/24.4.401","article-title":"Night driving, season, and the risk of highway accidents","volume":"24","author":"kerstedt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401302\/1000039556"},{"key":"ref6","author":"van den berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indicators and predictors of sleepiness"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.5.289"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"HASTE deliverable 2: HMI and safety-related driver performance","volume":"12","author":"stlund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Union funded project GRD1\/2000\/25361 S"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2008.928241"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0807-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6979.565"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"The impact of driver inattention on near-crash\/crash risk: An analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data","volume":"810","author":"klauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"U S Dept Transp Nat Highway Traffic Safety Admin DC DOT HS"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2006.869598"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03526.1995","article-title":"Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans","volume":"15","author":"dijk","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"75a","article-title":"Predictions from the three-process model of alertness","volume":"75","author":"kerstedt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.2.171","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between sleep duration and human psychomotor vigilance and subjective alertness","volume":"22","author":"jewett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2008.4633886"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00517.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.03.016"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.04.007"},{"key":"ref26","author":"tijerina","year":"1999","journal-title":"A preliminary assessment of algorithms for drowsy and inattentive driver detection on the road"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459008994241"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.12.1511","article-title":"Fatigue, sleepiness, and performance in simulated versus real driving conditions","volume":"28","author":"philip","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/6979\/5720481\/05597946.pdf?arnumber=5597946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:46:24Z","timestamp":1633913184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5597946\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2010.2077281","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}