{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:12:49Z","timestamp":1771956769476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2015.2421482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T18:33:00Z","timestamp":1430764380000},"page":"2723-2743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Robust Vehicle Detection and Distance Estimation Under Challenging Lighting Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mutsuhiro","family":"Terauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Klette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37484-5_35"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.167"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539906"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2058134"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-53842-1_6"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-53842-1_26"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2113340"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2012.6232119"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6248074"},{"key":"ref62","author":"koks","year":"2005","journal-title":"An introduction to Bayesian and Dempster&#x2013;Shafer data fusion"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691214696","author":"shafer","year":"1976","journal-title":"A Mathematical Theory of Evidence"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03767-2_127","article-title":"New lane model and distance transform for lane detection and tracking","volume":"5702","author":"jiang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Comput Anal Images Patterns"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2009.5164288"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2007.908582"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"128","article-title":"Vehicle detection at night based on taillight detection","author":"o'malley","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Veh Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"100","article-title":"Distance determination for an automotive environment using inverse perspective mapping in OpenCV","author":"tuohy","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Signals Syst"},{"key":"ref66","author":"rezaei","year":"2014","journal-title":"iROADS Dataset (Intercity Roads and Adverse Driving Scenarios) Enpeda Image Sequence Analysis Test Site-EISATS Set 10"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2009.5164346"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"356","article-title":"Motion and Haar-like features based vehicle detection","author":"bai","year":"0","journal-title":"Multi-Media Modeling Conference International"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2012","journal-title":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic Safety Facts"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"70","article-title":"Real-time visual detection of vehicles and pedestrians with new efficient AdaBoost features","author":"moutarde","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Planning Perception Navig Intell Veh"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2007.4357743"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RIVF.2007.369140"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2148134"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01456326"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIAMIS.2009.5031451"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.24"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"111","article-title":"A statistical method for peak localization in Hough space by analysing butterflies","volume":"8333","author":"xu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Pac Rim Symp Adv Image Video Technol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"430","article-title":"Machine learning for high-speed corner detection","author":"rosten","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"95","article-title":"Template matching using fast normalized cross correlation","author":"briechle","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Opt Pattern Recog"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-012-0414-8"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.08.017","article-title":"An efficient chain code with Huffman coding","volume":"38","author":"liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1961.5219197"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2010.2045375"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"593","article-title":"Good features to track","author":"shi","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Comput Vis Pattern Recog"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247715"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126544"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"2070","article-title":"Radar-vision fusion for vehicle detection by means of improved Haar-like feature and AdaBoost approach","author":"haselhoff","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Eur Signal Process Conf"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Automotive driver assistance systems: Using the processing power of FPGAs","author":"zoratti","year":"2011","journal-title":"White Paper XA Spartan-6 Automotive FPGAs XILINX WP399 (v1 0)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19479832.2011.590458"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6320-6","author":"klette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Concise Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICT.2005.1598621"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"455","article-title":"Vehicle detection method using Haar-like features on real time system","author":"han","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc World Acad Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.875174"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"465","article-title":"Iterative semi-global matching for robust driver assistance systems","volume":"7726","author":"hermann","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vision"},{"key":"ref17","author":"choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Realtime On-Road Vehicle Detection with Optical Flows and Haar-like Feature Detector"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.186.56"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2012.6239921"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.104"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2007.4357637"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heidelberg Vision Challenge at ECCV"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Distronic Plus With Steering Assist"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2010.2097239"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(91)90073-E"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2012.6232199"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2013","journal-title":"KITTI Benchmark Website CAR Detection Benchmark"},{"key":"ref45","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Vision Laboratory EPFL Multi-View Car Dataset"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361237.361242"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1999.0831"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bicubic Interpolation"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964965.808600"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008162616689"},{"key":"ref43","author":"philip","year":"2001","journal-title":"Caltech Vehicle Dataset"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6979\/7277123\/07101268.pdf?arnumber=7101268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T03:36:27Z","timestamp":1651894587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7101268\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2015.2421482","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}