{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T11:28:35Z","timestamp":1771068515732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2017.2765694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T19:08:09Z","timestamp":1511291289000},"page":"2856-2870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Modeling the Imperfect Driver: Incorporating Human Factors in a Microscopic Traffic Model"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2247-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Lindorfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9571-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph F.","family":"Mecklenbrauker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Ostermayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809337503"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2005.10.021"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2005.04.019"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.06.003"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"237","author":"lindorfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Driver Behavior Injection in Microscopic Traffic Simulations"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Fuel consumption models","author":"treiber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traffic Flow Dynamics"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8667.2007.00529.x"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-006-0152-9"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"252","article-title":"A stochastic driver distraction model for microscopic traffic simulations","author":"lindorfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 31st European Simulation and Modelling Conference"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Microscopic modeling of human and automated driving: Towards traffic-adaptive cruise control","author":"kesting","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1999-10"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Fuel consumption models","author":"treiber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traffic Flow Dynamics"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Simplified, data-driven, errorable car-following model to predict the safety effects of distracted driving","author":"przybyla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Intell Transp Syst Conf (ITSC)"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"104","article-title":"Distractions in everyday driving","author":"stutts","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"An exploration of the role of driver distraction in serious road crashes","author":"mcevoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Distractions Driving"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420007497.ch3"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90042-6"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/3.11.5"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0216-6"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p050437"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2014.09.061"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"514","article-title":"Realistische mikrosimulation von strassenverkehr mit einem einfachen modell","volume":"16","author":"treiber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 16th Symp Simulationstechnik ASIM"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05389-8","volume":"13","author":"gardiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics Chemistry and the Natural Sciences"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2013.10.012"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2182764"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"17","article-title":"Free-flow vs car-following speeds: Does the difference matter?","volume":"40","author":"ambros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Transportation Studies"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2261988"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2006.01.007"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-85595-0_9"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2506602"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21136\/panm.2016.11"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00386"},{"key":"ref69","author":"burns","year":"2002","journal-title":"How Dangerous Is Driving with a Mobile Phone? Benchmarking the Impairment to Alcohol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1721265"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Intelligent transportation systems benefits, costs, deployment, and lessons learned: 2008 Update","author":"maccubbin","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1965-14"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"The 100-car naturalistic driving study, phase II—Results of the 100-car field experiment","author":"dingus","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.650325"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2011.07.008"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/STHF0203_1"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"The road safety monitor: Driver distraction","author":"beirness","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.06.005"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.238702"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Simulation des straenverkehrsflusses","author":"wiedemann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Verkehrswesen der"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56109","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.68.056109","article-title":"Rational-driver approximation in car-following theory","volume":"68","author":"lubashevsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Top"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2003-00094-6"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"38","article-title":"TraffSim—A traffic simulator for investigations of congestion minimization through dynamic vehicle rerouting","author":"backfrieder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Simulation Syst Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2088-22"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2011.01.012"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007X230235"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110903128524"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-8478(00)00008-5"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2225104"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.62.1805"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802030714"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2005.05.001"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"193","article-title":"Fahrzeugbewegungen in der Kolonne","volume":"4","author":"reuschel","year":"1950","journal-title":"Österreichisches Ingenieur-Archiv"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-8478(00)00005-X"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-085-4_20"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"52","author":"backfrieder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cooperative Lane-Change and Longitudinal Behaviour Model Extension for TraffSim"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Comparison of car-following models","author":"olstam","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"124","article-title":"Modeling isolated traffic control strategies in TraffSim","author":"lindorfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 19th Int Conf Comput Modeling Simulation (UKSim)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2005.853705"},{"key":"ref84","author":"may","year":"1990","journal-title":"Traffic Flow Fundamentals"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01441640600823940"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218195995000064"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.127"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2573292"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Phenomenological study of dynamical model of traffic flow","volume":"5","author":"bando","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Phys"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1964.1105757"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.9.2.209"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.9.4.545"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0427(00)00474-X"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-8478(00)00007-3"},{"key":"ref86","author":"jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"SciPy Open source scientific tools for Python"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(81)90037-0"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.015101","article-title":"Human behavior as origin of traffic phases","volume":"65","author":"knospe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Top"},{"key":"ref87","author":"schling","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Boost C++ libraries"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2014.09.008"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Modeling drivers’ acceleration and lane changing behavior","author":"ahmed","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jp1:1992277"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100510050618"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2003-00149-8"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.51.1035"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.58.5429"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(02)01457-7"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.66.038101","article-title":"Comment on ‘analysis of optimal velocity model with explicit delay","volume":"66","author":"davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Top"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6979\/8458340\/08116671.pdf?arnumber=8116671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T07:52:44Z","timestamp":1751010764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8116671\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2017.2765694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}