{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:02:07Z","timestamp":1784134927240,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2104999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2104999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2022.3197817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T19:38:47Z","timestamp":1661542727000},"page":"23559-23572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["A Sensor Fusion-Based GNSS Spoofing Attack Detection Framework for Autonomous Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1128-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizanur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2890-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mhafuzul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Motors, Warren, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3275-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mashrur","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"70","article-title":"FastDTW: Toward accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space","author":"salvador","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc KDD Workshop Mining Temporal Sequential Data"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"56","article-title":"An analysis on older driver&#x2019;s driving behavior by GPS tracking data: Road selection, left\/right turn, and driving speed","volume":"5","author":"zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Traffic Transp Eng Engl Ed"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00803"},{"key":"ref32","author":"levy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Method and apparatus for providing secure timing and position synchronization from GNSS"},{"key":"ref31","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nobody&#x2019;s Fool Spoofing Detection in a High-Precision Receiver&#x2014;Inside GNSS&#x2014;Global Navigation Satellite Systems Engineering Policy and Design"},{"key":"ref30","author":"dries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods for detecting replay attacks in GNSS systems and methods thereof"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2020.2993522"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EURONAV.2018.8433227"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3032970.3032983"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2309088"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2018.15903"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2018.15902"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2016.14780"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2016.14779"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2016.7479805"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17537"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/IConAC.2017.8081999"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"670","article-title":"GPS spoofing detection based on decision fusion with a K-out-of-N rule","volume":"19","author":"sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"IJ Netw Secur"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463317000558"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.44"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EURONAV.2017.7954199"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spoofing Is Your GPS attack Proof? | Septentrio"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2973759"},{"key":"ref27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Protection Against GNSS Spoofing&#x2014;GNSS Solutions for OEMs"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/5.9781600866388.0717.0771"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2016.14845"},{"key":"ref29","year":"2022","journal-title":"GNSS Anti Spoofing GPS Performance Testing&#x2014;Spirent"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Prediction-based GNSS spoofing attack detection for autonomous vehicles","author":"dasgupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2010 11722"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"547","article-title":"Multipath effects","volume":"1","author":"braasch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Global Positioning System Theory and Applications"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2014","journal-title":"SAPOS Precise Positioning in Location and Height Satellite Positioning Service of the Official German Surveying and Mapping Agency for Geoinformation and State Survey of Lower Saxony (LGLN)"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1075-2_2"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1527","article-title":"All your GPS are belong to us: Towards stealthy manipulation of road navigation systems","author":"zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 27th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"2211","article-title":"Real-time spoofing detection in a narrow-band civil GPS receiver","author":"o\u2019hanlon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 23rd Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigat"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1233","article-title":"A low-complexity GPS anti-spoofing method using a multi-antenna array","author":"daneshmand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 25th Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigat"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.104"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"2776","article-title":"GNSS Spoofing Detection Using Two-Antenna Differential Carrier Phase","author":"psiaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 27th Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigat"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"4816","article-title":"Multi-antenna GNSS and INS\/odometer coupling for robust vehicular navigation","author":"vagle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Tech Symp Navigat Timing"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"3935","article-title":"Stars can tell: A robust method to defend against GPS spoofing attacks using off-the-shelf chipset","author":"liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 30th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2797309"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/6979\/9972869\/9868262-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6979\/9972869\/09868262.pdf?arnumber=9868262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T19:22:49Z","timestamp":1672082569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9868262\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2022.3197817","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}