{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:25:18Z","timestamp":1781155518963,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61901251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21ZR1422400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1422400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20JC1416400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JC1416400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20511106603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20511106603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund;"},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B0101130012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0101130012"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011478","name":"Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Team Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS0AA-KJ919-4402-0060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2023.3244827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T18:34:12Z","timestamp":1677090852000},"page":"5586-5599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["GroupPlate: Toward Multi-Category License Plate Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4985-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2836-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1905-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shugong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its.2017.0138"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3000072"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00035"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Cross-domain few-shot classification via learned feature-wise transformation","author":"tseng","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2001 08735"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"255","article-title":"Towards end-to-end license plate detection and recognition: A large dataset and baseline","author":"xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00566"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00670"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794443"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00702"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"MANGO: A mask attention guided one-stage scene text spotter","author":"qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2012 04350"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"12216","article-title":"Decoupled attention network for text recognition","volume":"34","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"mixup: Beyond empirical risk minimization","author":"zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1710 09412"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"268","article-title":"HomoNet: Unified license plate detection and recognition in complex scenes","author":"yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Collaborative Comput Netw Appl Worksharing"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3040238"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Adversarial generation of training examples: Applications to moving vehicle license plate recognition","author":"wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1707 03124"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2019.00129"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.254"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"334","article-title":"How many labeled license plates are needed?","volume":"11259","author":"lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Chinese Conf Pattern Recognit Comput Vis (PRCV)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06147-8"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"125","article-title":"Fast recognition for multidirectional and multi-type license plates with 2D spatial attention","author":"liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Document Analysis and Recognition"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143891"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"122","article-title":"Full-category robust license plate recognition based on character attention","volume":"49","author":"mu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Autom Sinica"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Deep learning based segmentation free license plate recognition using roadway surveillance camera images","author":"elihos","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1912 02441"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2496545"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Reading car license plates using deep convolutional neural networks and LSTMs","author":"li","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1601 05610"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.09.026"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.09.046"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"6155","article-title":"Learning causal semantic representation for out-of-distribution prediction","volume":"34","author":"liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"322","article-title":"DIVA: Domain invariant variational autoencoders","author":"ilse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Conf Med Imag Deep Learn"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.109115"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451318"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33718-5_12"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3104379"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.591"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2758199"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"580","article-title":"License plate detection and recognition in unconstrained scenarios","author":"silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.909284"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Wasserstein auto-encoders","author":"tolstikhin","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1711 01558"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"187","article-title":"Domain generalization with domain-specific aggregation modules","author":"d\u2019innocente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc German Conf Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"7313","article-title":"Domain generalization using causal matching","author":"mahajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generalizing from several related classification tasks to a new unlabeled sample","volume":"24","author":"blanchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01026"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Unsupervised domain adaptation by backpropagation","author":"ganin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Generalizing across domains via cross-gradient training","author":"shankar","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1804 10745"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.7003"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generalizing to unseen domains via adversarial data augmentation","volume":"31","author":"volpi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00566"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"3574","article-title":"Learn to expect the unexpected: Probably approximately correct domain generalization","author":"garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Intell Statist"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00621"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6979\/10121021\/10050395.pdf?arnumber=10050395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T18:25:09Z","timestamp":1686594309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10050395\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2023.3244827","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}}}