{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:34:49Z","timestamp":1775561689763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ford\u2019s University Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2023.3266000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:01:50Z","timestamp":1683763310000},"page":"6800-6819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tracking Occupant Activities in Autonomous Vehicles Using Capacitive Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Prasanna Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6886-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Melcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Buttolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1334-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunyi","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Occupant Classification—IEE—Smart Sensing Solutions"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"3059","article-title":"Noisy activation functions","author":"gulcehre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 33rd Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EOSESD.1998.737028"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-3210-6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2911669"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"249","article-title":"Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks","author":"glorot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 13th Int Conf Artif Intell Statist"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3003312"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-59497-3_175"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(02)00069-8"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0239-x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecja.10025"},{"key":"ref33","volume":"25","author":"nielsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Networks and Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2014","journal-title":"Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to On-Road Motor Vehicle Automated Driving Systems"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"6","article-title":"Improved understanding of passenger behaviour during pre-impact events to aid smart restraint development","author":"morris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 19th Int Tech Conf Enhanced Saf Vehilces (ESV)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.72"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2223687"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.191"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"2034","article-title":"Recurrent orthogonal networks and long-memory tasks","author":"henaff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 33rd Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00631"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.123"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-007-9201-6"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.04.007"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(99)00047-7"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust Fisher discriminant analysis","volume":"18","author":"kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051100"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14299\/ijser.2015.01.024"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.02.006"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2021","journal-title":"Occupant Detection"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Occupant Detection"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.110112.00192"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2014.6926306"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2896631"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2018.2850149"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC.2017.7868369"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2017.2776148"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"255","article-title":"Exploring the optimum posture for driver comfort","volume":"19","author":"porter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Vehicle Des"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077546312445199"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2015.2405571"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.ISVCS2008.3545"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2004.1336361"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMTC.2008.4547283"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"A recurrent neural network without chaos","author":"laurent","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1612 06212"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6979\/10175858\/10122467.pdf?arnumber=10122467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T17:48:43Z","timestamp":1690825723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10122467\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2023.3266000","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}}}