{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:32:11Z","timestamp":1779211931628,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":214,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB1313301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1313301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61973026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61973026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L221016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L221016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005022","name":"Beijing Laboratory and the Beijing Jiaotong University Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCS2021ZZ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS2021ZZ005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rail Transit Operation Control Beijing Laboratory"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2023.3275741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T17:48:13Z","timestamp":1684950493000},"page":"8919-8944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Edge Intelligence in Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiyuan","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3688-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. Richard","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2285337"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6248074"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"901","article-title":"Survey on research and application of support vector machines in intelligent transportation system","volume":"14","author":"hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Frontiers Comput Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2018.8569938"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISITAE.2007.4409331"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00252"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2993008"},{"key":"ref206","article-title":"A2D2: Audi autonomous driving dataset","author":"geyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2004 06320"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2018.09.002"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01164"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-010-0362-z"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00141"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNSC.2012.6204951"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2019.00182"},{"key":"ref54","volume":"3","author":"anderson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Machine Learning An Artificial Intelligence Approach"},{"key":"ref202","first-page":"1","article-title":"EdgeAI: A vision for distributed, edgenative artificial intelligence in future 6G networks","author":"lov\u00e9n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 1st 6G Wireless Summit"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2475608"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2858933"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00161"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Taiwan49838.2020.9258025"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Recurrent neural network regularization","author":"zaremba","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 2329"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"lecun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8415"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6639347"},{"key":"ref47","author":"fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Feedforward Neural Network Methodology"},{"key":"ref42","author":"zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Deep learning models for route planning in road networks"},{"key":"ref214","first-page":"1","article-title":"General data protection regulation","volume":"25","author":"regulation","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc INTOUCH"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/APSIPA.2018.8659542"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2016.2632418"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01234-2_48"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183916"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2021.09.030"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1062"},{"key":"ref8","author":"holst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Number of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices worldwide from 2019 to 2030"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1356"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3229556.3229562"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"35","article-title":"Smart home intelligence—The eHome that learns","volume":"4","author":"bregman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Smart Home"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5023979"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.1601885"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113193"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"Energy-efficient backscatter aided uplink NOMA roadside sensor communications under channel estimation errors","author":"ihsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2109 05341"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3091402"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00568"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2021","journal-title":"Edge Intelligence [EB\/OL]"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2009.82"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2020.2979807"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.09.035"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2958352"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/IMECE2021-70836"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3021253"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2969372"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"6G white paper on edge intelligence","author":"peltonen","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2004 14850"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3011705"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Edge computing in transportation: Security issues and challenges","author":"soni","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2012 11206"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2018.2883777"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3084396"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11209680"},{"key":"ref20","author":"cisco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cisco global cloud index Forecast and methodology 2016–2021"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2947490"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Data Center Security Market (2021 to 2026)—Featuring McAfee Cisco Systems and Dell Among Others"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2022.05.016"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3155667"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970728"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2021.102016"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737614"},{"key":"ref129","author":"nations","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Population Prospects The 2017 Revision Key Findings and Advance Tables"},{"key":"ref97","author":"xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Key Applications of the Smart IoT to Transform Transportation"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD.2017.8203852"},{"key":"ref96","author":"ersue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Management of networks with constrained devices Use cases"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1800506"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2877199"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3267809.3267828"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7263349"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2017.7927211"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.312"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794130"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"End to end learning for self-driving cars","author":"bojarski","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1604 07316 [cs]"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315155005"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"305","article-title":"ALVINN: An autonomous land vehicle in a neural network","volume":"1","author":"pomerleau","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2021.102127"},{"key":"ref132","first-page":"739","article-title":"Off-road obstacle avoidance through end-to-end learning","author":"m\u00fcller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.1994.639460"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.12.014"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2017.19"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"5574","article-title":"What uncertainties do we need in Bayesian deep learning for computer vision?","volume":"30","author":"kendall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref139","author":"lawyers","year":"2021","journal-title":"NTSB Finds Tesla Partly to Blame in Fatal Self-Driving Car Crash"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11877"},{"key":"ref137","first-page":"1","article-title":"PROMETHEUS—The European research programme for optimising the road transport system in Europe","author":"williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc IEE Colloq Driver Inf"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330824"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2017.04.004"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3409383"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2352\/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.19.AVM-023"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2606428"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8793742"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132946"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2869892"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2017.57"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701130"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-018-0116-x"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2263400"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate","author":"bahdanau","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 0473"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2879578"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2532863"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2377677.2377724"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"865","article-title":"Traffic flow prediction with big data: A deep learning approach","volume":"16","author":"lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690370209"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05029-4_7"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Adaptive sampling towards fast graph representation learning","author":"huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1809 05343"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677052"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2757384.2757397"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks","author":"kipf","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1609 02907"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3110942"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-4012"},{"key":"ref105","author":"evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Internet of Things How the next evolution of the Internet is changing everything whitepaper"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"FastGCN: Fast learning with graph convolutional networks via importance sampling","author":"chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1801 10247"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3121796"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40649-019-0069-y"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3126766"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GIOTS.2017.8016213"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"A critical review of recurrent neural networks for sequence learning","author":"lipton","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv 1506 00019"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2015.2487344"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Neural Turing machines","author":"graves","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1410 5401"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"48","article-title":"Mobile edge computing: A taxonomy","author":"beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Adv Future Internet"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.195"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"1","article-title":"A privacy-preserving deep learning approach for face recognition with edge computing","author":"mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Workshop Hot Topics Edge Comput (HotEdge)"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Wide residual networks","author":"zagoruyko","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1605 07146"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2904348"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.634"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761315"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2000000039"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4458"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11010189"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2021.3131654"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 1556"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3424660"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"25","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","author":"mcmahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Artif Intell Statist"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"511","article-title":"Modified K-means clustering for travel time prediction based on historical traffic data","author":"nath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Knowl -Based Intell Inf Eng Syst"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-020-1647-3"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3093337.3037698"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3008612"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220106"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2743240"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-766-9.ch011"},{"key":"ref168","author":"zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research on intelligent image recognition method for high-speed railway operation safety"},{"key":"ref169","first-page":"51","article-title":"Research on monitoring application of railway unattended station based on edge computing","volume":"38","author":"liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Simul"},{"key":"ref170","first-page":"71","article-title":"High-speed railway intelligent traffic control system based on cloud edge collaboration","volume":"43","author":"zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation and economy of railway"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2967436"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3097156"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2018.8377077"},{"key":"ref176","first-page":"7","article-title":"Application and development of intelligent technologies for high-speed railway signaling system","volume":"41","author":"ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J China Railway Soc"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3040557"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600238CM"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUMT.2010.5676621"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-013-9965-9"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3005931"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3030496"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813687"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241557"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3007787.3001165"},{"key":"ref186","article-title":"How to scale distributed deep learning?","author":"jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1611 04581"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPSN.2016.7460664"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341301.3359646"},{"key":"ref185","article-title":"On-device federated learning via blockchain and its latency analysis","author":"kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1808 03949"},{"key":"ref182","first-page":"1","article-title":"eSGD: Commutation efficient distributed deep learning on the edge","author":"tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Workshop Hot Topics Edge Comput (HotEdge)"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2018.00023"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2876298"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318216.3363300"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2883156"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997360"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2824319"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3028497"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1700441"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2543263"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2816590"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600371CM"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3317572"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2833427"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3109481"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2970276"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101862"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.06.031"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2821003"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2817484"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSAE.2012.6272951"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS.2016.7590400"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803166"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716665500"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"629","article-title":"A survey on intelligent transportation systems","volume":"15","author":"qureshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle-East J Sci Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICSyN.2011.76"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vehicular edge computing and networking: A survey","volume":"26","author":"liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mobile Netw Appl"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2158001"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEITS.2008.124"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2984887"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2019.8886000"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.131008"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2815678"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092048"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.050"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2918951"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEC.2018.00016"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230574"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2842821"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1800526"},{"key":"ref197","year":"2019","journal-title":"AWS Iot Greengrass"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC\/PiCom\/DataCom\/CyberSciTec.2018.00138"},{"key":"ref195","year":"2019","journal-title":"Azure IoT Edge"},{"key":"ref196","author":"rhee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bringing Intelligence to the Edge With Cloud IoT"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8485905"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3210240.3210337"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6979\/10235283\/10133894.pdf?arnumber=10133894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T18:10:07Z","timestamp":1695060607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10133894\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":214,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2023.3275741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}}}