{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:45:44Z","timestamp":1770482744514,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2025.3573386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T13:36:25Z","timestamp":1749476185000},"page":"15932-15950","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Model-Based Generation of Representative Rear-End Crash Scenarios Across the Full Severity Range Using Pre-Crash Data"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2262-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Volvo Cars Safety Center, Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8484-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Flannagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volvo Cars Safety Center, Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3578-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"B\u00e4rgman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related To Driving Automation Systems for on-Road Motor Vehicles","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Impact of advanced driver assistance systems (adas) on road safety and implications for education, licensing, registration, and enforcement","author":"Pradhan","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105664"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3153722"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/machines10111101"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3298875"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3170122"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3268324"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3259322"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106454"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF53456.2022.9744341"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3","article-title":"Harmonized approaches for baseline creation in prospective safety performance assessment of driving automation systems","volume-title":"Proc. 27th Int. Tech. Conf. Enhanced Saf. Vehicles (ESV)","author":"Wimmer"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21007-8"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9129208"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67361-5_40"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2019.1610945"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.05.014"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"The potential for active safety mitigation of us vehicle-bicycle crashes","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Future Active Saf. Technol. Toward Zero Accidents (FAST-Zero)","author":"Haus"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.03.003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2022.3196396"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2022.08.011"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106016"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105932"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338906.3338942"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106812"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3369097"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20130904-4-JP-2042.00132"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106433"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Crash investigation sampling system: Sample design and weighting","author":"Zhang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Crash investigation sampling system 2019 data manual","author":"Subramanian","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Description of the shrp 2 naturalistic database and the crash, near-crash, and baseline data sets","author":"Hankey","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"The Gidas pre-crash-matrix 2016: Innovations for standardized pre-crash-scenarios on the basis of the vufo simulation model vast","volume-title":"Proc. 7th Int. Conf. ESAR","author":"Schubert"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"QUADRIS Project Pre-Crash\/Near-Crash Dataset","author":"Wu","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/22297"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213601565"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p050437"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2015.10.011"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.07.007"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00296-0_5"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Weights: Weighting and Weighted Statistics","author":"Pasek","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2016.11.078"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Ecume: Equality of 2 (or K) Continuous Univariate and Multivariate Distributions","author":"Roux de Bezieux","year":"2021"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref43","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-sne","volume":"9","author":"Van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Beitrag zur mechanik des kraftfahrzeug-verkehrsunfalls","author":"Kudlich","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2013-01-0223"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-3004(93)90090-R"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1802.03426"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2344652"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6979\/11220917\/11028135.pdf?arnumber=11028135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T20:52:15Z","timestamp":1770411135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11028135\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2025.3573386","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9050","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}