{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:56:51Z","timestamp":1769731011756,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Learning Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2013.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T19:05:22Z","timestamp":1360868722000},"page":"217-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Learning by Conceptual Modeling--Changes in Knowledge Structure and Content"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Zitek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Poppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stelzhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Muhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bredeweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3669-8_1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci2302_1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09500691003720671"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0950069032000032199"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","first-page":"57","article-title":"How Does the Computer Facilitate the Development of Physics Knowledge among Prospective Elementary Teachers?","volume":"181","author":"Otero","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Educational Psychology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48196-0_5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48196-0_22"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"63","article-title":"VModel\u2014A Visual Qualitative Modeling Environment for Middle-School Students","volume":"26","author":"Forbus","year":"2005","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"181","article-title":"Designing Learning by Teaching Agents: The Betty\u2019s Brain System","volume":"18","author":"Leelawong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int\u2019l J. Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2009.09.009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-6526(07)03009-X","article-title":"Qualitative Modeling","volume-title":"Handbook of Knowledge Representation","volume":"3","author":"Forbus","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"46","article-title":"DynaLearn\u2014Engaging and Informed Tools for Learning Conceptual System Knowledge","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Fall Symp. Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems (MCES \u201909)","author":"Bredeweg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16020-2_4"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549706075250"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660280909"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"DynaLearn","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA465743"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-008-9083-4"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17749-1_6"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Centre for Microcomputer Applications","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Insight Maker","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Causality Lab---Overview","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"MathWorks","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Cmap Tools","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Causal Mapping with jMap","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"71","article-title":"Technology Support for Complex Problem Solving: From Sad Environments to AI","volume-title":"Smart Machines in Education","author":"Biswas","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"65","article-title":"A Qualitative Modeling Environment for Middle-School Students: A Progress Report","volume-title":"Proc. 15th Int\u2019l Workshop Qualitative Reasoning","author":"Forbus"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004780007748"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Enhancing Science Teachers\u2019 Understanding of Ecosystem Interactions with Qualitative Conceptual Models","author":"Dresner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13504620902906766"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mar.2005.03.003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001318800363908"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660310911"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21362"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X04269174"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2729.1997.00005.x"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sdr.432"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"417","author":"Bunge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Causality and Modern Science"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03057268608559933"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09500690305016"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00004-0"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11156-003"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001318800363908"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02461508"},{"key":"ref45","author":"Barrientos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evaluating System Dynamics as a Tool for Teaching History: An Experimental Research in the Classroom"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.3660200804"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.20006"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0140528810304004"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(00)00038-4"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/iel5\/4620076\/6589075\/06461874.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/4620076\/6589075\/06461874.pdf?arnumber=6461874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T05:43:13Z","timestamp":1742276593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6461874\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2013.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1382","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}}}