{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:46:30Z","timestamp":1779122790118,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005246","name":"IES CASL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R305A120186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R305A120186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Learning Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2015.2513387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,30]],"date-time":"2015-12-30T19:06:13Z","timestamp":1451502373000},"page":"140-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Integrating Model-Driven and Data-Driven Techniques for Analyzing Learning Behaviors in Open-Ended Learning Environments"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"John S.","family":"Kinnebrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Segedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"967","article-title":"Student modeling for a web-based learning environment: A data mining approach","author":"tang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 18th Nat Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"18","article-title":"Combining unsupervised and supervised classification to build user models for exploratory learning environments","volume":"1","author":"amershi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"227","article-title":"The behavior of tutoring systems","volume":"16","author":"vanlehn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Artif Intell Educ"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0091732X024001061"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"104","article-title":"Clustering and profiling students according to their interactions with an intelligent tutoring system fostering self-regulated learning","volume":"5","author":"bouchet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.02.015"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Advancing log analysis of student interactions with cognitive tools","author":"nesbit","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 12th Biennial Int'l Conf European Assoc for Research Learning and Instruction (EARLI)"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"252","article-title":"Mining temporally-interesting learning behavior patterns","author":"kinnebrew","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Data Mining"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.138"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"101","article-title":"Toward meta-cognitive tutoring: A model of help seeking with a Cognitive Tutor","volume":"16","author":"aleven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Artif Intell Educ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2010.517150"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.1995.380415"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip4102_2"},{"key":"ref12","author":"woolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors Student-Centered Strategies for Revolutionizing e-Learning"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118956588.ch16"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2015.21.3"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"190","article-title":"A contextualized, differential sequence mining method to derive students&#x2019; learning behavior patterns","volume":"5","author":"kinnebrew","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2053532"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07527-3_18"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"135","article-title":"A combined theory-and data-driven approach for interpreting learners&#x2019; metacognitive behaviors in open-ended tutoring environments","author":"biswas","year":"0","journal-title":"Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems Instructional Management"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/461578"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"297","article-title":"The weave of motivation and self-regulated learning","author":"winne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Motivation and self-regulated learning theory research and applications"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460296.2460336"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"277","article-title":"Studying as self-regulated learning","author":"winne","year":"0","journal-title":"Metacognition in Educational Theory and Practice"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203874790.ch35"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02504994"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2013.11.002"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02319858"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11409-013-9094-7"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11409-014-9112-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep4001_1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203858318","author":"brophy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Motivating Students to Learn"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Adaptive instructional system","author":"park","year":"0","journal-title":"Handbook for Research in Educational Communications and Technology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-005-3917-8"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"181","article-title":"Designing learning by teaching agents: The Betty&#x2019;s Brain system","volume":"18","author":"leelawong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Artif Intell Educ"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/253260.253325"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Identifying learning behaviors by contextualizing differential sequence mining with action features and performance evolution","author":"kinnebrew","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1041-6080(96)90022-9"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"3","article-title":"Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements","author":"srikant","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc of the 12th Intl Conf on Extending Database Technology Advances in Database Technology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.10.906"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-012-9275-0"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2132-6_6"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sequential pattern mining with constraints on large protein databases","author":"ho","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 12th Int Conf Manage Data"},{"key":"ref25","author":"zimmerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handbook of Self-regulation of Learning and Performance"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4620076\/7953751\/07368935.pdf?arnumber=7368935","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T02:35:06Z","timestamp":1633919706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7368935\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2015.2513387","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1382","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}}}