{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:19:02Z","timestamp":1776709142422,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRL-1020229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRL-1020229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Learning Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2018.2799871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T19:15:57Z","timestamp":1517339757000},"page":"3-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Multimodal Assessment Framework for Integrating Student Writing and Drawing in Elementary Science Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6577-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Leeman-Munk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angi","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-4699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradford","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5920-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.20311"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"161","article-title":"Using drawings to support learning from dynamic visualizations","volume":"3","author":"zhang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 8th Int Conf Learn Sci"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"2741","article-title":"Character-aware neural language models","author":"kim","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1062"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/N15-1091"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19773-9_21"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2009.02.002"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-015-9348-9"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019640"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-005-8136-3"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"96","article-title":"ETS : Domain adaptation and stacking for short answer scoring","author":"heilman","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Joint Conf Lexical Comput Semantics 7th Int Workshop Semantic Eval"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"529","article-title":"ETS : Discriminative edit models for paraphrase scoring","author":"heilman","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 1st Joint Conf Lexical Comput Semantics"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"200","article-title":"Towards effective tutorial feedback for explanation questions: A dataset and baselines","author":"dzikovska","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Conf North Amer Chapter Assoc Comput Linguistics Human Lang Technol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2011.611369"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0969594X.2010.513678"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.20276"},{"key":"ref22","author":"jurafsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Speech Language Processing 2nd Ed"},{"key":"ref21","author":"campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science Notebooks Writing About Inquiry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1631836.1631849"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/1049-4820(200008)8:2;1-B;FT129"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"290","article-title":"C-rater: Automatic content scoring for short constructed responses","author":"sukkarieh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 22nd Int'l FLAIRS Conf"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"151","article-title":"Semi-supervised recursive autoencoders for predicting sentiment distributions","author":"socher","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Conf Empirical Methods Natural Language Process"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2013","journal-title":"Next Generation Science Standards For States by States"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"49","article-title":"Putting ECD into practice: The interplay of theory and data in evidence models within a digital learning environment","volume":"4","author":"benson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1993.298623"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Theano: New features and speed improvements","author":"bastien","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc NIPS Workshop on Deep Learning and Unsupervised Feature Learning"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X11405038"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234011"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"An exploration of upper elementary students’ storyboarded conceptions of magnetism","author":"minogue","year":"0","journal-title":"presented at the NARST Annu Int Meeting"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"103","article-title":"Does the sun orbit the earth ? challenges in using short free-text computer-marked questions","author":"jordan","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc HEA STEM Annu Learn Teaching Conf Where Practice Pedagogy Meet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2014.07.003"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204153"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1993.9941173"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013176309260"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"52","article-title":"The intersection of science notebooks, graphics, and inquiry","volume":"48","author":"minogue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science and Children"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.5b00169"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-014-0026-8"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460296.2460337"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3185-5_25"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460296.2460334"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.1022.abs"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03098770601167922"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2330601.2330666"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Graphic representations in science notebooks: A vehicle for understanding science inquiry in the elementary classroom","author":"wiebe","year":"0","journal-title":"Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4609.2009.00243.x"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"39","article-title":"Intelligent tutoring systems with conversational dialogue","volume":"22","author":"graesser","year":"2001","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-014-9405-2"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Elementary science notebooks: Impact on classroom practice and student","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Design buddy : Providing feedback for sketched multi-modal causal explanations","author":"wetzel","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2013.9"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"53","article-title":"Mechanix : A sketch-based educational interface","author":"nelligan","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Intell User Interfaces"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Clustering hand-drawn sketches via analogical generalization","author":"chang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 25th Annu Conf Innovative Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2011.01149.x"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4620076\/8684929\/08274912.pdf?arnumber=8274912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T21:07:29Z","timestamp":1657746449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8274912\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2018.2799871","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1382","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-0050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}}}