{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T21:30:24Z","timestamp":1777152624039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1443068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1443068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Learner Data Institute","award":["1934745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1934745"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005246","name":"Institute of Education Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED#R305A190448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED#R305A190448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Learning Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2021.3128569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T20:27:55Z","timestamp":1637094475000},"page":"624-639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Logistic Knowledge Tracing: A Constrained Framework for Learner Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6467-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Pavlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Eglington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Harrell-Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198154"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000416"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.126.3.288"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03343385"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.25.2.532"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.36.2.438"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613504302"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"61","article-title":"Instructional factors analysis: A cognitive model for multiple instructional interventions","author":"chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 4th Int Conf Educ Data Mining"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.1.61.27224"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400010845"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1563601.1563669"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/ur6g7"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.LKT","article-title":"LKT: Logistic knowledge tracing","author":"pavlik jr","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/8psa4"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.4.3.210"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.3554689"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13388-6_8"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511790942"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-006-9013-2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12208"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-017-9193-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316445301300401"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1983.tb00212.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(73)90003-6"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2012.01245.x"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"39","article-title":"The Q-matrix method: Mining student response data for knowledge","author":"barnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 20th Nat Conf Amer Assoc Artif Intell Educ Data Mining Workshop"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-238180-5.50010-0"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"476","article-title":"Das lernen und losen komplexer denkaufgaben","volume":"19","author":"scheiblechner","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21869-9_34"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-015-0039-y"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2016.32.16"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"555","article-title":"The assistment project: Blending assessment and assisting","author":"razzaq","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 12th Int Conf Artif Intell Educ"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1992.4.3.232"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"DataShop@CMU","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"DataShop@Memphis","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"548","article-title":"Convergent validity of a student model: Recent-performance factors analysis","author":"goldin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 8th Int Conf Educ Data Mining"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"411","article-title":"Recent-performance factors analysis","author":"galyardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 7th Int Conf Educ Data Mining"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Educational data analysis using learnsphere workshop","author":"stamper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 9th Int Conf Educ Data Mining"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872086901100602"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.25.5.1120"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033572"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-55606-0_49"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12077"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.14.2.101"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-020-00074-4"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"35","article-title":"The mobile fact and concept textbook system (MoFaCTS)","author":"pavlik jr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 21st Int Conf Artif Intell Educ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1.1.471.2146"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1966.tb00354.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAI-2011-016"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.3554671"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"531","article-title":"Performance factors analysis &#x2013; A new alternative to knowledge tracing","author":"pavlik jr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 14th Int Conf Artificial Intell"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v039.i12"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10274-6"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"511","article-title":"Is over practice necessary? &#x2013; Improving learning efficiency with the cognitive tutor through educational data mining","author":"cen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 13th Int Conf on Artificial Intell"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1174"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21869-9_46"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69132-7_62"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"516","article-title":"Incorporating prior practice difficulty into performance factor analysis to model mandarin tone learning","author":"cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 11th Int Conf Educ Data Mining"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099821"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12858"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"245","article-title":"Measuring the time course of retention","author":"wickens","year":"1999","journal-title":"On human memory Evolution progress and reflections on the 30th anniversary of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0000_14"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.4143614"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"75","article-title":"Using prior data to inform model parameters in the predictive performance equation","author":"collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 38th Mtg Cogn Sci Soc"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/4620076\/9686548\/9616435-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4620076\/9686548\/09616435.pdf?arnumber=9616435","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T09:26:54Z","timestamp":1726133214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9616435\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2021.3128569","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1382","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-0050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}