{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:04:40Z","timestamp":1765357480783,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61977002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61977002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of the Software Development Environment of China","award":["SKLSDE-2022ZX-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLSDE-2022ZX-14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Learning Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2023.3325549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T18:08:42Z","timestamp":1697738922000},"page":"664-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multisource Soft Labeling and Hard Negative Sampling for Retrieval Distractor Ranking"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-4674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenge","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5500-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1745-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3329-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-1014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology and Management, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"A taxonomy of questions for question generation","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Question Gener. Shared Task Eval. Challenge","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590400013495"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2018.2889100"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-019-00186-y"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-021-00151-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.bea-1.10"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"56","article-title":"Automatic gap-fill question generation from text books","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Workshop Innov. Use NLP Building Educ. Appl.","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220575.1220678"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-0533"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33016423"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3411997"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00530"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.320"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.393"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"3726","article-title":"Questimator: Generating knowledge assessments for arbitrary topics","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell.","author":"Guo","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2022.3226523"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3417468"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-5819"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"94","article-title":"MultiReQA: A cross-domain evaluation for retrieval question answering models","volume-title":"Proc. 2nd Workshop Domain Adaptat. NLP","author":"Guo","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.477"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(02)00021-3"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-main.343"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462880"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1118894.1118897"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Automatic generation of cloze question distractors","volume-title":"Proc. 2nd Lang. Stud.: Acquisition, Learn., Educ. Technol.","author":"Correia","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2007-592"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/cj.v14i2-4.15-33"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1609829.1609830"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324906004177"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1609829.1609839"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijl\/3.4.235"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24750-0_4"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"427","article-title":"Automatic generation of multiple choice questions from domain ontologies","volume-title":"Proc. IADIS Int. Conf. e-Learn.","author":"Papasalouros","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1706269.1706291"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-013-1141-4"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"28","article-title":"Learning words right with the sketch engine and WebBootCat: Meaningful lexical acquisition from corpora and the web","volume-title":"Proc. CamTESOL Conf. English Lang. Teach.: Sel. Papers","author":"Smith","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"415","article-title":"An automatic generation of multiple-choice cloze questions based on statistical learning","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Comput. Educ.","author":"Goto","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"2807","article-title":"Assisting cloze test making with a web application","volume-title":"Proc. Soc. Inf. Technol. Teacher Educ. Int. Conf.","author":"Hoshino","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6522"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"4171","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. North Amer. Ch. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics: Hum. Lang. Technol.","author":"Devlin","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref42","first-page":"9","article-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","volume":"1","author":"Radford","year":"2019","journal-title":"OpenAI Blog"},{"article-title":"Better distractions: Transformer-based distractor generation and multiple choice question filtering","year":"2020","author":"Offerijns","key":"ref43"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2021.3138706"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-tutorials.1"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-0548"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i5.16559"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11991"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.498"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.198"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2022.3219375"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1082"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412102"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.550"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"193","article-title":"MCTest: A challenge dataset for the open-domain machine comprehension of text","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Empirical Methods Natural Lang. Process.","author":"Richardson","year":"2013"},{"volume-title":"Modern Information Retrieval","year":"1999","author":"Baeza-Yates","key":"ref56"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345508.345545"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-39940-9_488"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"8024","article-title":"PyTorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Paszke","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-demos.6"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000019"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(97)80111-2"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4620076\/10376229\/10288270.pdf?arnumber=10288270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T18:24:25Z","timestamp":1705170265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10288270\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2023.3325549","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-1382"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2372-0050"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}