{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:14:01Z","timestamp":1740136441597,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1814551","CNS-1815636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1814551","CNS-1815636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2221-E-A49-031-MY3","109-2628-E-009-001-MY3","110-2218-E-A49-011-MBK","110-2224-E-A49-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-A49-031-MY3","109-2628-E-009-001-MY3","110-2218-E-A49-011-MBK","110-2224-E-A49-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2022.3141694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T20:58:55Z","timestamp":1641848335000},"page":"3489-3507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MPKIX: Towards More Accountable and Secure Internet Application Services via Mobile Networked Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2542-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Hua","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1077-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yangming Jiaotong University, Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"journal-title":"fTC","article-title":"Consumer sentinel network data book","year":"0","key":"ref13"},{"journal-title":"Levenshtein Distance Information Theory Computer Science String (Computer Science) String Metric Damerau-Levenshtein Distance Spell Checker Hamming Distance","year":"2009","author":"miller","key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Former president barack obama&#x2019;s twitter account appears to have been hacked","author":"sheth","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Insider"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECURECOMM.2005.18"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2016.1177766"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055638"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"2021 identity fraud study: Shifting angles","author":"john buzzard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Javelin"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007568.1007632"},{"journal-title":"NIST","article-title":"186&#x2013;2: Digital Signature Standard (DSS)","year":"2000","key":"ref53"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref52","article-title":"TS35.909: Specification of the MILENAGE algorithm set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*."},{"journal-title":"The Source","article-title":"Ddos attacks in q4 2018","year":"2019","key":"ref11"},{"journal-title":"Oauth","article-title":"Oauth 2.0","year":"2022","key":"ref55"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"5 most famous DDoS attacks and then some","author":"nicholson","year":"2018","journal-title":"A10 Blog"},{"article-title":"RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2.","year":"0","author":"dierks","key":"ref54"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Understanding emergence and outcomes of information privacy concerns: A case of facebook","author":"bulgurcu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"New curfew rules, real-name registration for china&#x2019;s young online gamers","author":"cyrill","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Brief"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"388","article-title":"Twitter fake account detection","author":"er?ahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2017.55"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GIOTS49054.2020.9119673"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA).","author":"arkko","year":"0","journal-title":"RFC 4187"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4186"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.101.2000532"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.101658"},{"journal-title":"GSMA","article-title":"Mandatory registration of prepaid sim cards","year":"2016","key":"ref46"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1983.1056650"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737423"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref48","article-title":"TS29.329: Sh interface based on the Diameter protocol; Protocol details"},{"year":"2017","key":"ref47","article-title":"TS23.002: Network architecture"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2017.2754249"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484768"},{"year":"2008","key":"ref41","article-title":"Code of federal regulations: Title 47&#x2013;telecommunications: Universal service"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2987443.2987462"},{"year":"2013","key":"ref44","article-title":"TS33.401: 3GPP SAE; Security architecture"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368308.3415401"},{"year":"2021","key":"ref43","article-title":"Trusted digital signatures"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.40"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Diameter framework document","author":"calhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Internet draft"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Fake followers in influencer marketing will cost brands 1.3 billion this year, report says","author":"graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNBC"},{"journal-title":"ODwyer&#x2019;s","article-title":"The cost of fake news: 78 billion","year":"2019","key":"ref7"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"The nasty list phishing scam is sweeping through instagram","author":"abrams","year":"2019","journal-title":"BleepingComputer"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSCI44817.2019.9003113"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"In Britain, Google faces $3 billion lawsuit over use of children&#x2019;s data","author":"milligan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Inquirer"},{"journal-title":"Knight Foundation","article-title":"Disinformation, &#x2019;fake news&#x2019; and influence campaigns on twitter","year":"0","key":"ref6"},{"journal-title":"Journalist&#x2019;s Resour","article-title":"Fake news and the spread of misinformation: A research roundup","year":"2017","key":"ref5"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref82","article-title":"The legion of the bouncy castle"},{"year":"2021","key":"ref81","article-title":"Geocoding api"},{"journal-title":"Github","article-title":"Gsma oneapi","year":"2019","key":"ref40"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Facebook&#x2019;s massive fake numbers problem.","author":"moore","year":"0","journal-title":"Los Angeles Times"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01001-9_13"},{"year":"2019","key":"ref80","article-title":"Voter registration records"},{"journal-title":"MobileConnect","article-title":"Gsma mobile connect","year":"2021","key":"ref35"},{"year":"2013","key":"ref79","article-title":"Cryptdb"},{"journal-title":"FIDO","article-title":"Fido alliance","year":"2018","key":"ref34"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2808425.2808431"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/978\/1\/012116"},{"journal-title":"Cryptography and Network Security","year":"2013","author":"kahate","key":"ref36"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBA.2018.8311459"},{"journal-title":"Github","article-title":"oauth2-server","year":"2021","key":"ref75"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524528"},{"journal-title":"Github","article-title":"node-diameter.","year":"2021","key":"ref74"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363192"},{"journal-title":"Boost","article-title":"Boost c++ libraries","year":"2020","key":"ref77"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3041021.3054140"},{"journal-title":"Github","article-title":"ScribeJava","year":"2019","key":"ref76"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Google to pay 170 million for violating kids&#x2019; privacy on youtube","author":"min","year":"2019","journal-title":"CBS News"},{"year":"1995","key":"ref1","article-title":"Communications decency act of 1995"},{"journal-title":"TEMPMAIL","article-title":"Temp mail","year":"2022","key":"ref39"},{"journal-title":"MobileConnect","article-title":"Receive sms online","year":"2021","key":"ref38"},{"journal-title":"OpenSSL","article-title":"OpenSSL: Cryptography and SSL\/TLS Toolkit","year":"2021","key":"ref71"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.33"},{"journal-title":"OASIS Standard","article-title":"Pkcs #11 cryptographic token interface base specification version 2.40","year":"2015","key":"ref73"},{"journal-title":"Github","article-title":"IsoApplet","year":"2015","key":"ref72"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Fake facebook profiles cause heartbreak for families and colleagues","author":"kent","year":"0","journal-title":"NBC News"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2017.44"},{"journal-title":"Facebook","article-title":"Report an impostor account","year":"2021","key":"ref23"},{"journal-title":"Tech Target","article-title":"Sim swap attack (SIM intercept attack)","year":"0","key":"ref67"},{"journal-title":"W3Techs","article-title":"Usage statistics of default protocol https for websites","year":"2020","key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile","author":"david","year":"2008","journal-title":"RFC 5280"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"How google improved android security in 2017?","author":"armasu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tom&#x2019;s Hardware"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"ICMP traceback messages","author":"bellovin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Academic Communication"},{"journal-title":"Computer Security Principles and Practice","year":"2014","author":"stallings","key":"ref64"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978385"},{"journal-title":"Tor","article-title":"Tor project","year":"2022","key":"ref22"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Rooting sim cards","author":"nohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"blackhat Briefings"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2010.97"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Sim cards: Attack of the clones","author":"shatilin","year":"2016","journal-title":"KasperskyLab Daily"},{"journal-title":"DigiCert","article-title":"Digicert client certificate","year":"2021","key":"ref28"},{"journal-title":"The global","article-title":"Globalsign authentication","year":"2021","key":"ref27"},{"journal-title":"Google Account Help","article-title":"Google account help","year":"0","key":"ref29"},{"journal-title":"Wiki","article-title":"Digital signature","year":"2019","key":"ref60"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39555-5_2"},{"journal-title":"National Security Agency","article-title":"Eliminating obsolete transport layer security (tls) protocol configurations","year":"0","key":"ref61"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/7755\/10120635\/9676444-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7755\/10120635\/09676444.pdf?arnumber=9676444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T17:48:56Z","timestamp":1685382536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9676444\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmc.2022.3141694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1536-1233"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-0660"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2161-9875"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}