{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:44:53Z","timestamp":1782834293327,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2024YFE0200800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0200800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62471055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62471055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23B2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23B2001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62321001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62321001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62101064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62101064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62201072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"High-Quality Development Project of the MIIT","award":["2440STCZB2584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2440STCZB2584"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and China Mobile Joint Fund","award":["MCM20200202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCM20200202"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and China Mobile Joint Fund","award":["MCM20180101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCM20180101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024PTB-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024PTB-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2025.3564937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T13:35:24Z","timestamp":1745847324000},"page":"9837-9851","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hierarchical Index Retrieval-Driven Wireless Network Intent Translation With LLM"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0847-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3332-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8791-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caijun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3072-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3429-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Unicom Network Communications Company Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zirui","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0829-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0355-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12040676"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56801\/rebicte.v9i.164"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2921208"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109477"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.002.2200119"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3215919"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2022.10.005"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Zero touch network and service management (ZSM) means of automation","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Autonomous networks: Empowering digital transformation for telecoms industry","volume-title":"TM Forum","author":"Richard","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2020.07.001"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlp.2023.100017"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info15090517"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","author":"Achiam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.26"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3310002"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3605943"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CNSM52442.2021.9615505"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2969208"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"625","article-title":"Hey, Lumi! Using natural language for intent-based network management","volume-title":"Proc. 2021 USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf.","author":"Jacobs"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3229584.3229590"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS57875.2023.00077"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544216.3544244"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570361.3613256"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626111.3628194"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN60443.2023.10453125"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/99608f92.5317da47"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2024.3465447"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","first-page":"235","article-title":"Large language models for networking: Applications, enabling techniques, and challenges","volume-title":"IEEE Netw.","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3564333"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571730"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.trustnlp-1.6"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"9459","article-title":"Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lewis"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"21831","article-title":"Transformer memory as a differentiable search index","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Tay"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.825"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.91"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Towards understanding mixture of experts in deep learning","author":"Chen","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9338-y"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iwcmc61514.2024.10592370"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Sparse-MLP: A fully-MLP architecture with conditional computation","author":"Lou","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"29335","article-title":"DSelect-k: Differentiable selection in the mixture of experts with applications to multi-task learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Hazimeh"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Mixture-of-experts with expert choice routing","author":"Zhou","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ComNet60156.2023.10366715"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comcomap51192.2020.9398879"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4722"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1039866"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072782"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks","author":"Sutskever","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1137"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ECC.2013.6669541"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Playing atari with deep reinforcement learning","author":"Mnih","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Noisy networks for exploration","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Fortunato"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2011.111002"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Baichuan 2: Open large-scale language models","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models","author":"Hu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000019"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7755\/11154819\/10979280.pdf?arnumber=10979280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T19:53:28Z","timestamp":1757534008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10979280\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmc.2025.3564937","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-1233","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0660","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2161-9875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}