{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:45:16Z","timestamp":1773215116964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008459","name":"University of Calgary Eyes High Postdoctoral Scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"T. Chen Fong Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012260","name":"River Fund at Calgary Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmi.2022.3161947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T21:45:36Z","timestamp":1648158336000},"page":"2331-2347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Invertible Modeling of Bidirectional Relationships in Neuroimaging With Normalizing Flows: Application to Brain Aging"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8845-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Wilms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and the Alberta Children&#x2019;s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan J.","family":"Bannister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and the Alberta Children&#x2019;s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Mouches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and the Alberta Children&#x2019;s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5421-3536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Ethan","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2009-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepthi","family":"Rajashekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and the Alberta Children&#x2019;s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7241-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonke","family":"Langner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2556-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils D.","family":"Forkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children&#x2019;s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3060483"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"3804","article-title":"Are generative classifiers more robust to adversarial attacks?","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Generative classifiers as a basis for trustworthy image classification","author":"Mackowiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2007.15036"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2992934"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.036665"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.016"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4564"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0098-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-24970-0_19"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32251-9_82"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33676-9_17"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"806","article-title":"Learning conditional deformable templates with convolutional networks","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Dalca"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32245-8_91"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.005"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044530"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy197"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.03.075"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.005"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00028"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101871"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117401"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13163-9"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.059"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25011"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.062"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00044"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.006"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.040"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.040"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"353","article-title":"Learning conditional deformable shape templates for brain anatomy","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Workshop Mach. Learn. Med. Imag.","author":"Evan"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.07.006"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"497","article-title":"Unifying brain age prediction and age-conditioned template generation with a deterministic autoencoder","volume-title":"Proc. MIDL","author":"Mouches"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.01079"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66843-3_3"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198528418.001.0001"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:5\/6<348::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.051"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20906"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11866565_113"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/15\/4247"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Analyzing inverse problems with invertible neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Ardizzone"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"A method to model conditional distributions with normalizing flows","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1911.02052"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2010.05.008"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Flows for simultaneous manifold learning and density estimation","author":"Brehmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2003.13913"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Density estimation using real NVP","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Dinh"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Benchmarking invertible architectures on inverse problems","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Invertible Neural Netw. Normalizing Flows (ICML)","author":"Kruse"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Guided image generation with conditional invertible neural networks","author":"Ardizzone","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1907.02392"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-87586-2_3"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"SmoothGrad: Removing noise by adding noise","author":"Smilkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1706.03825"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"2376","article-title":"Counterfactual visual explanations","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Goyal"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"4211","article-title":"How can i explain this to you? An empirical study of deep neural network explanation methods","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Jeyakumar"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp394"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.134"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"OASIS-3: Longitudinal neuroimaging, clinical, and cognitive dataset for normal aging and Alzheimer disease","author":"LaMontagne","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2046908"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24750"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"209","article-title":"Variational registration\u2014A flexible open-source ITK toolbox for nonrigid image registration","volume-title":"Bildverarbeitung f\u00fcr die Medizin","author":"Ehrhardt","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66843-3_10"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.019"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Variational inference of disentangled latent concepts from unlabeled observations","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Kumar"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpa.2022.100222"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024068626366","article-title":"Inference for the generalization error","volume":"52","author":"Nadeau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25837"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4361"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3069645"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Trumpets: Injective flows for inference and inverse problems","volume-title":"Proc. 37th Conf. Uncertainty Artif. Intell.","author":"Kothari"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.032"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/5\/1147"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/42\/9872156\/09740658.pdf?arnumber=9740658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:33:28Z","timestamp":1705538008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9740658\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2022.3161947","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-0062","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-254X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}}}