{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:19:48Z","timestamp":1791951588795,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62571127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62571127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022J01131257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fujian Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2024CXA035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXA035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmi.2026.3697015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T19:42:06Z","timestamp":1779824526000},"page":"4287-4302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frequency-Aware Causal Regularization for Multiple Instance Learning in Whole Slide Image Classification"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3479-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawei","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6358-0274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2529-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7969-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3819-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, and Fujian Cancer Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, China"],"department":["Department of Pathology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0996-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changcai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7828-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","place":["Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07894-z"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37179-4"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0508-1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66333-x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66179-7_69"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"570","article-title":"A framework for multiple-instance learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"10","author":"Maron"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01409"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.10890"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00720"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2024.3351213"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3097319"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"2127","article-title":"Attention-based deep multiple instance learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Ilse"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00682-w"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"2136","article-title":"TransMIL: Transformer based correlated multiple instance learning for whole slide image classification","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Shao"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"FMaMIL: Frequency-driven mamba multi-instance learning for weakly supervised lesion segmentation in medical images","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.07652"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-025-02679-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-439"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01899"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73668-1_8"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01744-8"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01824"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1309"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2023.3241204"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2024.3520602"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671928"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003612742-2"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.266"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2025.104186"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00264"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108161"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2025.103631"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466603004109"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00302"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00871"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446215159.n133"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3058954"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Invariant risk minimization","author":"Arjovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1907.02893"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-28"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Effects of human adversarial and affable samples on BERT generalization","author":"Elangovan","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2310.08008"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Counterfactual invariance to spurious correlations: Why and how to pass stress tests","author":"Veitch","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2106.00545"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"7502","article-title":"Necessary and sufficient conditions for causal feature selection in time series with latent common causes","volume-title":"Proc. 38th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Mastakouri"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i4.28135"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baac093"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01076"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2024.3453386"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00533"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.129676"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/make3010012"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref50","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102559"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02857-3"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00744-z"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86315-1"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-024-11571-7"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/42\/11640890\/11535564.pdf?arnumber=11535564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:07:15Z","timestamp":1785870435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11535564\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2026.3697015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-0062","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-254X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}