{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:54:24Z","timestamp":1776783264813,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"Samsung Research Funding Center of Samsung Electronics","award":["SRFC-IT1601-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRFC-IT1601-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Multimedia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmm.2018.2827782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T18:06:39Z","timestamp":1524247599000},"page":"2980-2992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Building Emotional Machines: Recognizing Image Emotions Through Deep Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hye-Rin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8125-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Kwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2017.01.011"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Deepsentibank: Visual sentiment concept classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1410 8586"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1873951.1873965"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2393347.2393384"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.566"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2617741"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2502081.2502282"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055737"},{"key":"ref35","author":"haykin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neural Networks A Comprehensive Foundation"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654930"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"155","article-title":"Support vector regression machines","author":"drucker","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/11848035_70","article-title":"Emotion assessment: Arousal evaluation using eegâ??s and peripheral physiological signals","author":"chanel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Multimedia Content Representation Classification and Security"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEAB.0000038139.39812.eb"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"195","article-title":"Associating textual features with visual ones to improve affective image classification","author":"liu","year":"0","journal-title":"Int Conf on Affect Comp and Intell Inter"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2006.1621452"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"413","article-title":"Analyzing emotional semantics of abstract art using low-level image features","author":"zhang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Intell Data Anal"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 1556"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2013.2266635"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2010.2058095"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"279","article-title":"Recognition of genuine smiles","author":"dibeklio?lu","year":"17","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimedia"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.489"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.09.020"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2010.2052239"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2008.921737"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-014-0691-y"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13018"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.105"},{"key":"ref58","author":"laplace","year":"1820","journal-title":"Théorie analytique des probabilités"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Tensorflow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems","author":"abadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1603 04467"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Wider or deeper: Revisiting the ResNet model for visual recognition","author":"wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1611 10080"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0314-x"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.123.4.394"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2009.2019809"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2598092"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2014.2360798"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom.2016.29"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"223","article-title":"Speech emotion recognition using deep neural network and extreme learning machine","author":"han","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Int Speech Commun Assoc"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"57","article-title":"Diving deep into sentiment: Understanding fine-tuned CNNS for visual sentiment prediction","author":"campos","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Workshop Affect Sentiment Multimedia"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298687"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"381","article-title":"Robust image sentiment analysis using progressively trained and domain transferred deep networks","author":"you","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 29th AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.9987","article-title":"Building a large scale dataset for image emotion recognition: The fine print and the benchmark","author":"you","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Visual sentiment prediction with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1411 5731"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.08.005"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"184","article-title":"Learning a deep convolutional network for image super-resolution","author":"dong","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.55"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1924559.1924599"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.233"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007733"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual","author":"lang","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.946629"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Class imbalance problem in data mining review","author":"longadge","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv 1305 1707"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Flickr","year":"0"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714","article-title":"A circumplex model of affect","author":"russell","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6046\/8491746\/08344491.pdf?arnumber=8344491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T14:55:52Z","timestamp":1661007352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8344491\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmm.2018.2827782","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9210","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}}}