{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:30:02Z","timestamp":1775665802933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62276198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62276198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A2035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A2035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A2096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62036007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62036007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61922066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61922066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61906143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61906143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61902297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61806152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61806152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-YBGY-231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-YBGY-231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program","award":["2022QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNRC001"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program","award":["2021GXNSFDA075011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFDA075011"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2022JQ-696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JQ-696"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi","award":["2022QFY01-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QFY01-15"]}]},{"name":"CCF-Tencent Open Fund"},{"name":"Open Research Projects of Zhejiang Lab","award":["2021KG0AB01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KG0AB01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QTZX23083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QTZX23083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XJS221502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJS221502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Multimedia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmm.2023.3304913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T17:55:48Z","timestamp":1692035748000},"page":"2894-2905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hierarchical Forgery Classifier on Multi-Modality Face Forgery Clues"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6550-212X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Decheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8197-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3448-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1271-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4695-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nannan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7985-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinbo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2018.8639163"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00327"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3050672"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3059336"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00434"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3146766"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.195"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00765"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i2.16254"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"3247","article-title":"Leveraging frequency analysis for deep fake image recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Frank","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58610-2_6"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00083"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00639"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.03.042"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107579"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58574-7_7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i2.16193"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","first-page":"61","article-title":"Probabilistic outputs for support vector machines and comparisons to regularized likelihood methods","volume":"10","author":"Platt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Large Margin Classifiers"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Probability estimates for multi-class classification by pairwise coupling","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. Conf.","author":"Wu","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Simonyan","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3206004.3206009"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00872"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3293951"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.3001719"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.2994523"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3046884"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.2998401"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2017.2760098"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2473436"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"11","article-title":"Exposingaicreated fakevideosbydetectingeyeblinking","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop Inf. Forensics Secur.","author":"LIY","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62463-7_6"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.2999185"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.3008088"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2018.2804768"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.2993004"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3074259"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2951630"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmm.2022.3182509"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3547806"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS47025.2019.9035107"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"3022","article-title":"Fourier spectrum discrepancies in deep network generated images","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Dzanic","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00712"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging7080128"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19830-4_27"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512527.3531415"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238414"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.39"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-014-0722-8"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2671188.2749321"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33718-5_58"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995350"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2715660"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2957285"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.2980201"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3071119"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247967"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2013.210"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2228856"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00222"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Self-supervised transformer for deepfake detection","author":"Zhao","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9746888"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.59"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413769"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-022-06225-5"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00408"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2018.8630761"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8682602"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc5040049"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01468"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6046\/10384483\/10216334.pdf?arnumber=10216334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T18:58:42Z","timestamp":1708023522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10216334\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":77,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmm.2023.3304913","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9210","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}