{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:11:36Z","timestamp":1773137496503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2336211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2336211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92467206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92467206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62202283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Multimedia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tmm.2025.3639997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:39:50Z","timestamp":1764959990000},"page":"1352-1364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EEformer: Early Exiting for Transformer With Global-Local Exits and Progressive Fine-Tuning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2771-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5050-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2296-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5659-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1300-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2010.11929"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Robust adaptation of foundation models with black-box visual prompting","author":"Oh","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"ALBERT: A lite BERT for self-supervised learning of language representations","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Lan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3611762"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-srw.43"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Scaling laws for neural language models","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.35.338"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-main.8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.findings-naacl.25"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00198"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3301","article-title":"Shallow-deep networks: Understanding and mitigating network overthinking","volume-title":"Proc. 36th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"97","author":"Kaya","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2949857"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"5506","article-title":"I-BERT: Integer-only BERT quantization","volume-title":"Proc. 38th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2022\/164"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3124095"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.repl4nlp-1.18"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3189496"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01779"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3233258"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-acl.569"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i6.25902"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3067100"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3192663"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"12677","article-title":"Towards calibrated robust fine-tuning of vision-language models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Oh","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dawin: Training-free dynamic weight interpolation for robust adaptation","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Oh","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"18330","article-title":"BERT loses patience: Fast and robust inference with early exit","volume-title":"Proc. 34rd Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Zhou","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2023\/563"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.204"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3514993"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i17.29922"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7900006"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.231"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.537"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","first-page":"75:1","article-title":"Early-exit deep neural network - A comprehensive survey","volume":"57","author":"P","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Distilling the knowledge in a neural network","author":"Hinton","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10599-4_29"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/w18-5446"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D13-1170"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1101"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1264"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/579"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"10347","article-title":"Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention","volume-title":"Proc. 38th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"139","author":"Touvron","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1810.04805"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-demos.6"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decoupled weight decay regularization","volume-title":"Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Loshchilov","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35289-8_5"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"2516","article-title":"Zero time waste: Recycling predictions in early exit neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 35th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Wolczyk","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6046\/11342315\/11281527.pdf?arnumber=11281527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T19:59:25Z","timestamp":1773086365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11281527\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmm.2025.3639997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9210","1941-0077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9210","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}