{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:59:41Z","timestamp":1784595581322,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1524462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1524462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1809000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1809000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016K1A1A2912757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016K1A1A2912757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Trans. Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2018.2874896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T21:09:27Z","timestamp":1541797767000},"page":"2843-2855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Delving Into Internet DDoS Attacks by Botnets: Characterization and Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"An","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2209-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wentao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3227-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Mohaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524507"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2016.23147"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508859.2516749"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2592791.2592794"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"263","article-title":"A comprehensive measurement study of domain generating malware","author":"plohmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 25th Usenix Security Symp"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2014.11.001"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2017.42"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EWSDN.2014.24"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131365.3131383"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663717"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carna Botnet"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815702"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2420950.2420968"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2484313.2484373"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"79","article-title":"On the feasibility of large-scale infections of IoS devices","author":"wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1145\/2714576.2714637","article-title":"Measuring botnets in the wild: Some new trends","author":"chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ACM ASIA CCS"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"112","article-title":"AV-Meter: An evaluation of antivirus scans and labels","volume":"8550","author":"mohaisen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Detection of Intrusions and Malware and Vulnerability Assessment"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mirai (malware)"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2016","journal-title":"2016 Dyn Cyberattacks"},{"key":"ref18","year":"0","journal-title":"BlackEnergy trojan strikes again Attacks Ukrainian electric power industry"},{"key":"ref19","year":"0","journal-title":"13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report pdf"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2012.2194508"},{"key":"ref4","author":"wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Verisign distributed denial of service trends report"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INM.2007.374772"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2018.2808344"},{"key":"ref6","author":"magazine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spamhaus Suffers Largest DDoS Attack in History&#x2014;Entire Internet Affected"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2584679"},{"key":"ref5","author":"wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"DDoS Attacks Decrease in Q2 2014 Compared to Q1"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Largest Cyber Attack in History Has Been Hitting Hong Kong Site"},{"key":"ref7","author":"vaughan-nichols","year":"2014","journal-title":"Worst DDoS Attack of All Time Hits French Site"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2017.213"},{"key":"ref9","author":"starr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fridge Caught Sending Spam Emails in Botnet Attack"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2015.47"},{"key":"ref20","year":"0","journal-title":"DDoS Attacks in Q1 2018&#x2014;Securelist"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028788.1028794"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2014","journal-title":"NetAcuity and NetAcuity Edge IP Location Technology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2014.23233"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1162666.1162675"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"65","article-title":"An Internet-wide view of Internet-wide scanning","author":"durumeric","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 23rd USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879149"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2876019.2876023"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00702-0"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2724506"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Opportunistic measurement: Extracting insight from spurious traffic","author":"casado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networking (HotNets)"}],"container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielaam\/90\/8576794\/8528549-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/90\/8576794\/08528549.pdf?arnumber=8528549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T18:49:15Z","timestamp":1649443755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8528549\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnet.2018.2874896","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}}}