{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:20:57Z","timestamp":1778257257810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF AI Institute for Future Edge Networks and Distributed Intelligence","award":["CNS-2112471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2112471"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF CNS 1923789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF CNS 1923789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF CCF 1937500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF CCF 1937500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Trans. Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2022.3225883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T18:35:56Z","timestamp":1671042956000},"page":"2470-2482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["AirNN: Over-the-Air Computation for Neural Networks via Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Garcia Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillem","family":"Reus-Muns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2985-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ufuk","family":"Muncuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7911-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousof","family":"Naderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-7990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stratis","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaushik Roy","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPSN48710.2020.00031"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay6946"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2987333"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"A survey of deep learning architectures for intelligent reflecting surfaces","author":"Elbir","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2009.02540"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC48557.2020.9154243"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAEAC.2017.8053998"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSNT47585.2019.8962418"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3323679.3326503"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3380887"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.104196"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-00243-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.041037"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2010.03.021"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Training end-to-end analog neural networks with equilibrium propagation","author":"Kendall","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.01981"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04484-2"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20719-7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3079980"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2859237"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.485671"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL50879.2020.00055"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12521-x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/globecom38437.2019.9013501"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9129195"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1047","article-title":"RFocus: Beamforming using thousands of passive antennas","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Symp. Netw. Syst. Design Implement. (NSDI)","author":"Arun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473672"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367578"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3099505"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013643"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS51825.2021.9484466"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPP.2016.15"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep complex networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Trabelsi"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Estimating or propagating gradients through stochastic neurons for conditional computation","author":"Bengio","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv:1308.3432"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Understanding straight-through estimator in training activation quantized neural nets","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1903.05662"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Mix and match: A novel FPGA-centric deep neural network quantization framework","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2012.04240"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/springerreference_179035"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2960779"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design","author":"Balanis","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"HMC7992: Non-reflective, silicon SP4T switch, 0.1 GHz to 6.0 GHz","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSN.2011.6014765"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2018.2797022"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"DoReFa-Net: Training low bitwidth convolutional neural networks with low bitwidth gradients","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1606.06160"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"PACT: Parameterized clipping activation for quantized neural networks","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1805.06085"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00495"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u03bcL2Q: An ultra-low loss quantization method for DNN compression","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Netw. (IJCNN)","author":"Cheng"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Ternary weight networks","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1605.04711"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Trained ternary quantization","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1612.01064"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01170"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Binarized neural networks: Training deep neural networks with weights and activations constrained to +1 or \u22121","author":"Courbariaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1602.02830"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_32"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"345","article-title":"Towards accurate binary convolutional neural network","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. (NeurIPS)","author":"Lin"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1438-9"}],"container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/90\/10365667\/9985456-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/90\/10365667\/09985456.pdf?arnumber=9985456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:36:26Z","timestamp":1705019786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9985456\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnet.2022.3225883","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}}}