{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:39:22Z","timestamp":1778251162608,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB1004704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1004704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61832005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61832005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61672276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61802172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61321491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61321491"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20181251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20181251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["021014380079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["021014380079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Ministry of Education"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE2015154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2015154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE2016120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2016120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008048","name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Shuangchuang) Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Trans. Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2022.3233488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T18:47:23Z","timestamp":1675190843000},"page":"2042-2057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["SAFE: Service Availability via Failure Elimination Through VNF Scaling"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0545-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haipeng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6855-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-9997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5198-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guihai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2906746"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018436.2018477"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3037697.3037713"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2019.2930809"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"147","author":"garey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Approximation Algorithms for Bin Packing A Survey"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"745","article-title":"ClickNF: A modular stack for custom network functions","author":"gallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX ATC"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2760162"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"445","article-title":"NetVM: High performance and flexible networking using virtualization on commodity platforms","author":"hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"97","article-title":"Stateless network functions: Breaking the tight coupling of state and processing","author":"kablan","year":"2017","journal-title":"USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2800400"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209582.3209592"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737565"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2940147.2940155"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2017.232"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"299","article-title":"Elastic scaling of stateful network functions","author":"woo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2016.7784446"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2018.8397140"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098827"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057118"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2869960"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057153"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486320"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486026"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879175"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996840"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2612669.2612686"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWS.2019.00028"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Data-Plane Development Kit"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815400.2815423"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global NFV Market to Grow by 33%"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2015","journal-title":"VRT Rule Set"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2815318"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"459","article-title":"ClickOS and the art of network function virtualization","author":"martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2833815"},{"key":"ref32","author":"nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Introduction to Cache Allocation Technology in the Intel Xeon Processor E5 v4 Family"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apache Traffic Control"},{"key":"ref1","author":"ankita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Market to Hit $70bn by 2024"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"283","article-title":"ResQ: Enabling SLOs in network function virtualization","author":"tootoonchian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486275"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354871.354874"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"312","article-title":"Iron: Isolating network-based CPU in container environments","author":"khalid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098828"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3281411.3281441"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2703080"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"501","article-title":"Correctness and performance for stateful chained network functions","author":"khalid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc USENIX NSDI"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486289"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2017.2711610"},{"key":"ref27","year":"0","journal-title":"CGROUPS"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8056993"}],"container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/90\/10286433\/10032318.pdf?arnumber=10032318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T20:04:24Z","timestamp":1699301064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10032318\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnet.2022.3233488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}