{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:38:14Z","timestamp":1777109894433,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1815636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1815636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1814551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1814551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2112471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2112471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2246050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2246050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2246051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2246051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2153393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2153393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2628-E-A49-016-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2628-E-A49-016-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2221-E-A49-031-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-A49-031-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2218-E-A49-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2218-E-A49-021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2218-E-A49-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2218-E-A49-023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2634-F-A49-001-MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2634-F-A49-001-MBK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Trans. Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2023.3313557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T18:34:32Z","timestamp":1695148472000},"page":"1229-1244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dissecting Operational Cellular IoT Service Security: Attacks and Defenses"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0565-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5059-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2542-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Hua","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1077-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Po-Yi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Fucheng","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8790-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2945-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Cellular IoT Market","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Clp.29: LTE-M Deployment Guide to Basic Feature Set Requirements","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Clp.28: Nb-IoT Deployment Guide to Basic Feature Set Requirements","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Cellular IoT Alphabet Soup","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"TS 24.301: Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) Protocol for Evolved Packet System (EPS); Stage 2","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660346"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2014.23118"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813618"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813718"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422191"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341302.3342074"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.2984192"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Fcm.01: Volte Service Description and Implementation Guidelines V1.1","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Can I Get Unlimited Data?","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Mobile IoT in the 5G Future\u2014Nb-IoT and LTE-M in the Context of 5G","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall Description; Stage 2","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Ir.92: IMS Profile for Voice and SMS. Version 13.0","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00006"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24283"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Disrupting Continuity of Apple\u2019s wireless ecosystem security: New tracking, DoS, and MitM attacks on iOS and macOS through Bluetooth low energy, AWDL, and Wi-Fi","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security","author":"Stute"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Understanding Physical Internet Infrastructure Vulnerabilities","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hiding in plain signal: Physical signal overshadowing attack on LTE","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security","author":"Yang"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"WIO LTE Cat M1\/Nb-IoT Tracker","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Pycom Fipy Testbed","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Mangoh Yellow Testbed","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Sixfab CIOT Hat","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Arduino MKR Nb 1500 Testbed","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Telit Charlie Evaluation Kit","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Waveshare CIOT Kit","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"2020 IoT Developer Survey Key Findings","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0793"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2013.2256431"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Dynamic ARP Inspection","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3971","volume-title":"Secure Neighbor Discovery (Send)","author":"Arkko","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"TS 23.401: General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Access","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"TS 32.240: Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Telecommunication Management; Charging Management; Charging Architecture and Principles","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Policy and Charging Control Architecture","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Telecommunication Management; Charging Management; IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Charging","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Charging Management; Charging Data Record (CDR) Parameter Description","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"The Trusted Source for IP Address Data","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"E.164: The International Public Telecommunication Numbering Plan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Digital Cellular Telecommunication System (Phase 2); Point-to-Point (PP) Short Message Service (SMS) Support on Mobile Radio Interface (GSM 04.11)","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Circuit Switched (CS) Fallback in Evolved Packet System (EPS); Stage 2","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Tcpdump","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Scapy","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-159749060-3\/50039-4"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; Point-to-Point (PP) Short Message Service (SMS) Support on Mobile Radio Interface","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"Free Carrier Lookup","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978393"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3380885"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Global Cellular IoT Module Shipments Q4 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3510589"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Technical Report on SS7 Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Measures for Digital Financial Services Transactions","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Random Number Generation: Types and Techniques","author":"Carlo","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2980159.2980163"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Open IMS Core: An Open Source Implementation of IMS Call Session Control Functions","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Twinkle","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Graphical Network Simulator-3","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4271"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Shodan Search Engine","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2007116.2007149"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Sonica With PSM","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Srsue","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3483255"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3317549.3319728"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422832"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2846040"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3333501"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3384419.3430727"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3007690"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inaudible voice commands: The long-range attack and defense","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX NSDI","author":"Roy"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020513"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10684-2_10"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Looking from the mirror: Evaluating IoT device security through mobile companion APPs","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585652"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2866249"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423650"}],"container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/90\/10505042\/10255644-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/90\/10505042\/10255644.pdf?arnumber=10255644","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T17:41:40Z","timestamp":1713548500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10255644\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnet.2023.3313557","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}