{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:12:28Z","timestamp":1770538348278,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62202405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2341003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2341003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2023-JC-JQ-50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-JQ-50"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China","award":["2024T170722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024T170722"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China","award":["2023M732791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M732791"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010031","name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) Project of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PolyU15224121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PolyU15224121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HKPolyU) Project of China","award":["1-ZVG0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-ZVG0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Trans. Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2024.3448621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T18:07:56Z","timestamp":1725041276000},"page":"5065-5080","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Robust App Fingerprinting Over the Air"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3453-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0633-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuohan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0934-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9082-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiapu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8826-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security and the Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"O2O Apps Become Part of Daily Life","author":"Yea-Ji","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21512\/tw.v20i1.5154"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Naked Celebrity Hack: Security Experts Focus on Icloud Backup Theory","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Sony Got Hacked Hard: What We Know and Don\u2019t Know so Far","author":"Zetter","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24412"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2016.40"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eavesdropping on fine-grained user activities within smartphone apps over encrypted network traffic","volume-title":"Proc. WOOT","author":"Saltaformaggio"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3097983.3098049"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2699026.2699119"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2019.8824928"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106944"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Dating Apps Pose Security Threats to LGBTQ Users","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Apps and Traps: Why Dating Apps Must do More to Protect LGBTQ Communities","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Smartthings","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Homekit","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395351.3399421"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Google Fights WiFi Sniffing Claims","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486210"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354217"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2016-0027"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00015"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"k-fingerprinting: A robust scalable website fingerprinting technique","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Hayes"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"639","article-title":"Robust website fingerprinting through the cache occupancy channel","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Shusterman"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243768"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Multi-Window Support","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3253893"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3277525"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4652-y"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36492-7_7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.46.3.316"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Monkey","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606553"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134009"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2516020"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3024645"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2022.24210"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/857166.857170"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.1041"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543507.3583473"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1661"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCCS.2015.7374133"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"ShadowSocks","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2991079.2991098"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24347"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Defeating DNN-based traffic analysis systems in real-time with blind adversarial perturbations","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Nasr"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero-delay lightweight defenses against website fingerprinting","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Gong"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"HTTPOS: Sealing information leaks with browser-side obfuscation of encrypted flows","volume-title":"Proc. NDSS","author":"Luo"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155346"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Domain shadowing: Leveraging content delivery networks for robust blocking-resistant communications","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Wei"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2021.3112480"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"FOAP: Fine-grained open-world Android app fingerprinting","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3603165.3607437"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"TOR","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM42981.2021.9488676"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179464"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"An input-agnostic hierarchical deep learning framework for traffic fingerprinting","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"USENIX Secur."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3422337.3447835"}],"container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/90\/10807683\/10660481.pdf?arnumber=10660481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T06:47:48Z","timestamp":1734677268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10660481\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnet.2024.3448621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}