{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:43:54Z","timestamp":1761648234087,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61303166","61125106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61303166","61125106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Program through the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","award":["KGZD-EW-T03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KGZD-EW-T03"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China","award":["2010CB732606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010CB732606"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2014.2369426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T20:21:31Z","timestamp":1416514891000},"page":"185-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Targeting Accurate Object Extraction From an Image: A Comprehensive Study of Natural Image Matting"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"26","author":[{"family":"Qingsong Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Ling Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Xuelong Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Lei Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995665"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539896"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015721"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531330","article-title":"PatchMatch: A randomized correspondence algorithm for structural image editing","volume":"28","author":"barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995495"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.168"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.18"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"626","article-title":"Oriented Poisson matting","author":"du","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383006"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.259","article-title":"An iterative Bayesian approach for digital matting","author":"chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 18th Int Conf Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.22.115"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1999.819566"},{"article-title":"Method for removing from an image the background surrounding a selected object","year":"2000","author":"berman","key":"ref22"},{"journal-title":"The Art and Science of Digital Compositing","year":"2008","author":"brinkmann","key":"ref21"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2000.855793"},{"article-title":"Comprehensive method for removing from an image the background surrounding a selected subject","year":"2000","author":"berman","key":"ref23"},{"journal-title":"Xbox One Kinect Teardown","year":"2014","key":"ref101"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/11567646_16","article-title":"Trimap segmentation for fast and user-friendly alpha matting","volume":"3752","author":"juan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Variational Geometric and Level Set Methods in Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.248"},{"journal-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","year":"2007","author":"bishop","key":"ref25"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.37"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.910585"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2013.6738882"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587419"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24136-9_21"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2012.6467308"},{"journal-title":"Applied regression analysis","year":"1981","author":"draper","key":"ref55"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"889","article-title":"Learning based digital matting","author":"zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 12th Int Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/44565","article-title":"Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"401","author":"lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"ii-1186","article-title":"Natural image matting with non-negative matrix factorization","author":"kun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.38"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"489","article-title":"Real-time video matting based on bilayer segmentation","author":"pham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 9th Asian Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566572"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344844"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311558"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882298"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2001.937505"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1243980.1243982"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800031.808606"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539894"},{"journal-title":"Analytical Mechanics","year":"2008","author":"hand","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015720"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1114849"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Locality preserving projections","author":"he","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"423","article-title":"Random walks for interactive alpha-matting","author":"grady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Vis Imag Image Process"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540079"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408931"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"179","article-title":"Matting through variational inpainting","author":"ni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 9th IASTED Int Conf Signal Image Process"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"3213","article-title":"Non-parametric natural image matting","author":"sarim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 16th IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"4665","article-title":"L1 matting","author":"lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179849.1180019"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276389","article-title":"Soft scissors: An interactive tool for realtime high quality matting","volume":"26","author":"wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16696-9_2"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"ii-249","article-title":"Distancecut: Interactive segmentation and matting of images and videos","author":"xue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587441"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-010-0435-0"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073231"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71457-6_41"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990648"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2323","article-title":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding","volume":"290","author":"roweis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2011.3510"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2007.4379520"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.06.011"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"355","article-title":"A convex image segmentation: Extending graph cuts and closed-form matting","author":"park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 10th Asian Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587421"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206491"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"266","article-title":"Traveling matte photography and the blue screen system","author":"beyer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Amer Cinematographer"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76390-1_58"},{"journal-title":"Wikipedia Matte (Filmmaking)","year":"1880","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2293418"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247741"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"869","article-title":"KNN matting","author":"chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"article-title":"Image segmentation by uniform color clustering&#x2014;Approach and benchmark results","year":"2005","author":"friedland","key":"ref107"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.18"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2156419"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5651610"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.358"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVCNZ.2010.6148800"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2013.2274874"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1995.537580"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.206"},{"year":"2011","key":"ref102"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2256919"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.134"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2255302"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.88"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366151","article-title":"Manifold preserving edit propagation","volume":"31","author":"chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2271549","article-title":"Weighted color and texture sample selection for image matting","volume":"22","author":"shahrian","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2013.06.002"},{"article-title":"Soft edge chroma-key generation based upon hexoctahedral color space","year":"1993","author":"mishima","key":"ref10"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"264","article-title":"A Bayesian approach to digital matting","volume":"2","author":"chuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"567","article-title":"Easy matting&#x2014;A stroke based approach for continuous image matting","author":"guan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc EUROGRAPH"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fuzzy-Matte: A computationally efficient scheme for interactive matting","author":"zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/0600000019"},{"article-title":"Electronic composite photography","year":"1971","author":"vlahos","key":"ref15"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2005.859028"},{"article-title":"Comprehensive electronic compositing system","year":"1982","author":"vlahos","key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242073.1242211"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2013.2242594"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206503"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-011-0471-x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237263"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1899404.1899406","article-title":"Matting and compositing of transparent and refractive objects","volume":"30","author":"yeung","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2321506"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.791228"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"267","article-title":"Acquisition and rendering of transparent and refractive objects","author":"matusik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 13th Eurograph Workshop Rendering"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2273174"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.2296528"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1096"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141955"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.157"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2302892"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206656"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2256891"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fast environment matting extraction using compressive sensing","author":"duan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Multimedia Expo (ICME)"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5653548"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adaptive depth map assisted matting in 3D video","author":"sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Multimedia Expo"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141954"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5962385\/7010866\/06963376.pdf?arnumber=6963376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T23:52:10Z","timestamp":1650671530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6963376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnnls.2014.2369426","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2162-237X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2162-2388"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}