{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:23:49Z","timestamp":1776356629068,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61327902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61327902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61120106003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61120106003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20150650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2016.2522401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T14:09:14Z","timestamp":1455545354000},"page":"653-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":611,"title":["Deep Direct Reinforcement Learning for Financial Signal Representation and Trading"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Youyong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhiquan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qionghai","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"3371","article-title":"Stacked denoising autoencoders: Learning useful representations in a deep network with a local denoising criterion","volume":"11","author":"vincent","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/91.963761"},{"key":"ref33","author":"klir","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Uncertainty and Information"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4023-06.2006"},{"key":"ref31","author":"bransford","year":"1999","journal-title":"How People Learn Brain Mind Experience and School"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-131X(1998090)17:5\/6<441::AID-FOR707>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2005.861604"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2300192"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/12.106218"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/91.277960"},{"key":"ref10","author":"murphy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets A Comprehensive Guide to Trading Methods and Applications"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.58337"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(88)90021-9"},{"key":"ref12","author":"sutton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reinforcement Learning An Introduction"},{"key":"ref13","author":"sutton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Introduction to Reinforcement Learning"},{"key":"ref14","author":"puterman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Markov Decision Processes Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.2.215"},{"key":"ref16","author":"bertsekas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.935097"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2005.10.012"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2404299"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000006"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2011.2134090"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2014.2371046"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638947"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/21.364859"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2290310"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"799","article-title":"Autonomous helicopter flight via reinforcement learning","author":"kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Dynamical neural networks for control","author":"prokhorov","year":"2001","journal-title":"A Field Guide to Dynamical Recurrent Networks"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2013.1838"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.728395"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1990.137572"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2006.875996"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2012.2235082"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jempfin.2008.03.002"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2109729"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.279181"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2012.2195472"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300015015"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1553374.1553453"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3905\/jpm.1994.409501"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1794","article-title":"Linear spatial pyramid matching using sparse coding for image classification","author":"yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5962385\/7857118\/07407387.pdf?arnumber=7407387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T11:38:40Z","timestamp":1641987520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7407387\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnnls.2016.2522401","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}}}