{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T16:10:05Z","timestamp":1775578205243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes","award":["ANR-19-P3IA-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-P3IA-0003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2023.3263008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T17:30:05Z","timestamp":1680888605000},"page":"11906-11921","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Backpropagation-Based Learning Techniques for Deep Spiking Neural Networks: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2622-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon","family":"Dampfhoffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2572-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Mesquida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA, LIST, Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4319-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Valentian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA, LIST, Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9569-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Anghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2205597"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.18893.74727"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom.2016.76"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref7","first-page":"620","article-title":"Recherches quantitatives sur l\u2019excitation electrique des nerfs traitee comme une polarization","volume":"9","author":"Lapicque","year":"1907","journal-title":"J. Physiol Pathol G\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107447615"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2019.2931595"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00682"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00774"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2018.112130359"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254642"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2304638"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2010.5536970"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2313565"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2017.8325230"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2017.8050527"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2018.8351295"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2017.2759700"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2014.6757323"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.11.014"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2023.3308088"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2018.12.002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3304103"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5391\/IJFIS.2021.21.4.317"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1677-2"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2003.820440"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00331"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-021-10562-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00311-4"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2017.2726060"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2015.7280696"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00095"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-014-0788-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01357"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58607-2_23"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimal ANN-SNN conversion for high-accuracy and ultra-low-latency spiking neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Bu"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE51398.2021.9473964"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Neural networks for machine learning, Coursera","author":"Hinton","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Estimating or propagating gradients through stochastic neurons for conditional computation","author":"Bengio","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv:1308.3432"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00508"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"SpikeGrad: An ANN-equivalent computation model for implementing backpropagation with spikes","author":"Thiele","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1906.00851"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8852380"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"SLAYER: Spike layer error reassignment in time","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"31","author":"Shrestha"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01086"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"7005","article-title":"Hybrid macro\/micro level backpropagation for training deep spiking neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Jin"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Long short-term memory and learning-to-learn in networks of spiking neurons","author":"Bellec","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1803.09574"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33011311"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spike-train level backpropagation for training deep recurrent spiking neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00119"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"12022","article-title":"Temporal spike sequence learning via backpropagation for deep spiking neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/388"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00266"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i12.17320"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Training deep spiking neural networks","author":"Ledinauskas","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.04436"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3071976"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3381755.3381770"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2021.3110991"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3095068"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"S4NN: Temporal backpropagation for spiking neural networks with one spike per neuron","author":"Kheradpisheh","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1910.09495"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i12.17329"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00658-0"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Enabling deep spiking neural networks with hybrid conversion and spike timing dependent backpropagation","author":"Rathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2005.01807"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.773954"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"21056","article-title":"Deep residual learning in spiking neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"34","author":"Fang"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref69","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Dropout: A simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting","volume":"15","author":"Srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2021.3111897"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3045118.3045167"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Pytorch Torchvision Models","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"DCT-SNN: Using DCT to distribute spatial information over time for learning low-latency spiking neural networks","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.01795"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.09.005"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3095724"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9747906"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00653"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"WRPN: Wide reduced-precision networks","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1709.01134"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Learning both weights and connections for efficient neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 28th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. (NIPS)","volume":"1","author":"Han"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01367"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20053-3_3"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00199"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.01.006"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2978163"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00637"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2020.3036081"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCI51272.2021.9385361"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81805-4"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58526-6_24"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98448-0"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i1.20005"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053861"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3121632"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNANO.2022.3141443"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5962385\/10663876\/10097504.pdf?arnumber=10097504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T12:14:22Z","timestamp":1725452062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10097504\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnnls.2023.3263008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}}}