{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T05:52:01Z","timestamp":1771566721673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFA1000102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1000102"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-2-1-160-zyyd-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2-1-160-zyyd-jch"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MF002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MF002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2024.3378805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T17:35:52Z","timestamp":1713202552000},"page":"5363-5374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["NGDE: A Niching-Based Gradient-Directed Evolution Algorithm for Nonconvex Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5404-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xijun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}]},{"given":"Mengzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9385-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2020.107094"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8853-9","volume-title":"Introductory Lectures on Convex Optimization\u2014A Basic Course","author":"Nesterov","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1724","article-title":"How to escape saddle points efficiently","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Jin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3108563"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2969033.2969154"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/443"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"GADAM: Genetic-evolutionary Adam for deep neural network optimization","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1805.07500"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_44"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math8010069"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2019.05.010"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"6051","article-title":"Evolutionary stochastic gradient descent for optimization of deep neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Cui"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.08.040"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3061630"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.08.037"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.10.008"},{"issue":"132","key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Monte Carlo gradient estimation in machine learning","volume":"21","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2017.2744328"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"24","article-title":"Finding multimodal solutions using restricted tournament selection","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Genetic Algorithms","author":"Harik"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.2008.16.3.315"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068156"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2001.934392"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143997.1144200"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.735432"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/106365602760234081"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3117359"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2009.2017517"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2523000"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3125362"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2019.2910721"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107951"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.3035887"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2022.3168052"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.2978857"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3106399"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cit2.12106"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2282491"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/16M1080173"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Benchmark functions for CEC\u20192013 special session and competition on niching methods for multimodal function optimization","author":"Li","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Optimization Test Functions and Datasets","author":"Sonja","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2011.02.002"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5962385\/10908444\/10499905.pdf?arnumber=10499905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T18:36:06Z","timestamp":1741026966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10499905\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnnls.2024.3378805","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}