{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:02:49Z","timestamp":1790654569784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15207122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15207122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15207920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15207920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15207821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15207821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15213323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15213323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62076212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62076212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2024.3380851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T17:04:57Z","timestamp":1712595897000},"page":"5601-5613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing Narrative Commonsense Reasoning With Multilevel Causal Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1337-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feiteng","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7360-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Toward a model of children\u2019s story comprehension","author":"Charniak","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(72)90002-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315708935-25"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"90","article-title":"Choice of plausible alternatives: An evaluation of commonsense causal reasoning","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Spring Symp., Log. Formalizations Commonsense Reasoning","author":"Roemmele"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"394","article-title":"SemEval-2012 task 7: Choice of plausible alternatives: An evaluation of commonsense causal reasoning","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Joint Conf. Lexical Comput. Semantics","author":"Gordon"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"421","article-title":"Commonsense causal reasoning between short texts","volume-title":"Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Princ. Knowl. Represent. Reasoning (KR)","author":"Luo"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11578.003.0023"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/n16-1098"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0198246420.001.0001"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"179","article-title":"Causal inferences in the comprehension of literary texts","volume-title":"Empirical Approaches to Literature and Aesthetics","author":"van den Broek","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198405"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"81","article-title":"The role of causal reasoning in understanding narratives","volume-title":"From Orthography to Pedagogy: Essays in Honor of Richard L. Venezky","author":"Trabasso","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/695"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"CausalBERT: Injecting causal knowledge into pre-trained models with minimal supervision","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2107.09852"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.678"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/584"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.267"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.48"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Graph attention networks","author":"Veli\u010dkovi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1710.10903"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1609.02907"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187958"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3018661.3018707"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33013027"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1810.04805"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"BART: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1910.13461"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Knowledge-augmented language models for cause-effect relation classification","author":"Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2112.08615"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.89"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"ECONET: Effective continual pretraining of language models for event temporal reasoning","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2012.15283"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Conditional generation of temporally-ordered event sequences","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2012.15786"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485447.3511928"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3094987"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"KagNet: Knowledge-aware graph networks for commonsense reasoning","author":"Yuchen Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1909.02151"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Grounded conversation generation as guided traverses in commonsense knowledge graphs","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1911.02707"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"3175","article-title":"Enhancing contextual word representations using embedding of neighboring entities in knowledge graphs","volume-title":"Proc. 29th Int. Conf. Comput. Linguistics","author":"Tokuhisa"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3027575"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3070843"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3532080"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.11"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Openwebtext Corpus","author":"Gokaslan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"The Penn discourse treebank 2.0 annotation manual","author":"Prasad","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1907.11692"},{"issue":"140","key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer","volume":"21","author":"Raffel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref43","first-page":"6384","article-title":"(Comet-) atomic 2020: On symbolic and neural commonsense knowledge graphs","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell.","volume":"35","author":"Hwang"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11164"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93417-4_38"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.54"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33017378"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1475"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"SocialIQA: Commonsense reasoning about social interactions","author":"Sap","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1904.09728"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-6004"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"461","article-title":"UTDHLT: COPACETIC system for choosing plausible alternatives","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Joint Conf. Lexical Comput. Semantics","volume":"2","author":"Goodwin"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Handling multiword expressions in causality estimation","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Comput. Semantics","author":"Sasaki"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1626355.1626389"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"74","article-title":"ROUGE: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries","volume-title":"Text Summarization Branches Out","author":"Lin","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1509"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"BERTScore: Evaluating text generation with BERT","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1904.09675"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"A diversity-promoting objective function for neural conversation models","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv:1510.03055"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5962385\/10908444\/10494341.pdf?arnumber=10494341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:39:22Z","timestamp":1764959962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10494341\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnnls.2024.3380851","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}