{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:13:28Z","timestamp":1783437208986,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62361166670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62361166670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62276132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62276132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62306238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62306238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRF-15213322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF-15213322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRF-15229423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF-15229423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnnls.2024.3386935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T15:18:44Z","timestamp":1713885524000},"page":"7025-7036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ZS-VAT: Learning Unbiased Attribute Knowledge for Zero-Shot Recognition Through Visual Attribute Transformer"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2011-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongyan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1037-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenyong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0851-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.140"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Zero-shot learning through cross-modal transfer","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"26","author":"Socher"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.111"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Zero-shot learning by convex combination of semantic embeddings","author":"Norouzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv:1312.5650"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206772"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206594"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298879"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2487986"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Domain-invariant projection learning for zero-shot recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"31","author":"Zhao"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00115"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00581"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00450"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00294"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.328"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2857768"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00793"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01249-6_8"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01231-1_2"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00240"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01656-y"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00961"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attribute prototype network for zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Xu"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dual progressive prototype network for generalized zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"562","article-title":"Region graph embedding network for zero-shot learnin","volume-title":"Proc. ECCV","author":"Xie"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00454"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i1.19909"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"An image is worth 16\u00d716 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Dosovitskiy"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_13"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are sixteen heads really better than one?","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Michel"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1580"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2102.10882"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Do vision transformers see like convolutional neural networks?","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Raghu"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-45528-0"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"DeViSE: A deep visual-semantic embedding model","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Frome"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298911"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.474"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.15"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","article-title":"An embarrassingly simple approach to zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Romera-Paredes"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.575"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.282"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2737007"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tight lower bounds on worst-case guarantees for zero-shot learning with attributes","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Mazzetto"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_4"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generalized zero-shot learning with deep calibration network","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01022"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01194"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58586-0_34"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01331"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00717"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Isometric propagation network for generalized zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00111"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00844"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00859"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero-shot learning via simultaneous generating and learning","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Yu"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3083367"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3046924"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Goodfellow"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Conditional generative adversarial nets","author":"Mirza","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1411.1784"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1312.6114"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Sohn"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Glow: Generative flow with invertible 1\u00d71 convolutions","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Kingma"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58517-4_36"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475258"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3155602"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00379"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weakly-supervised multi-granularity map learning for vision-and-language navigation","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Chen"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1","article-title":"Make an omelette with breaking eggs: Zero-shot learning for novel attribute synthesis","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01381-4"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3164083"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01488"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3200865"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00162"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20053-3_28"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00994"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01052"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00758"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Learning modality-invariant latent representations for generalized zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. ACM MM","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01288"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58542-6_29"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Compositional zero-shot learning via fine-grained dense feature composition","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Huynh"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00019"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.01043"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00680"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00986"},{"key":"ref91","volume-title":"The Caltech-UCSD birds-200\u20132011 dataset","author":"Wah","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247998"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decoupled weight decay regularization","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Loshchilov"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01173"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00635"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00588"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref97","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"Van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5962385\/10949581\/10507018.pdf?arnumber=10507018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1764959973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10507018\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnnls.2024.3386935","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}