{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:31:36Z","timestamp":1784842296735,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","award":["GRF Projects 12201520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF Projects 12201520"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","award":["12200819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12200819"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","award":["12201018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201018"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["SDZX2019042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDZX2019042"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["SDZX2020036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDZX2020036"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020A1515111070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515111070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62072230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2021.3050781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T20:11:46Z","timestamp":1610568706000},"page":"173-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["VFChain: Enabling Verifiable and Auditable Federated Learning via Blockchain Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-9997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8911-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzhe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science, Syracuse University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2961672"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2205597"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2879933"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2863688"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2015.7139360"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7319848"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/760"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","volume-title":"Proc. AISTATS","author":"McMahan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Learning differentially private recurrent language models","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"McMahan","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3457607"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2929409"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Safetynets: Verifiable execution of deep neural networks on an untrusted cloud","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Ghodsi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Slalom: Fast, verifiable and private execution of neural networks in trusted hardware","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Tramer","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2921755"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIGCOM.2019.00030"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900119"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3298981"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2020.2975749"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Bitcoin-ng: A scalable blockchain protocol","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX NSDI","author":"Eyal","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004.2014"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_2"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2616861"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2833312.2833321"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32946-3_29"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63688-7_12"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/571637.571640"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-013-9155-8"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300078"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Trustless machine learning contracts; evaluating and exchanging machine learning models on the ethereum blockchain","author":"Kurtulmus","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00029"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00065"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134012"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243853"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2019.2958901"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-006-0347-3"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3436905.3436917"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132757"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978542.1978562"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2567948.2577343"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939878"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2580239"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00057"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Analyzing federated learning through an adversarial lens","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Bhagoji","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"How to backdoor federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. AISTATS","author":"Bagdasaryan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2019.2952332"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2990686"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Blockflow: An accountable and privacy-preserving solution for federated learning","author":"Mugunthan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060590.1060662"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Chainiac: Proactive software-update transparency via collectively signed skipchains and verified builds","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Nikitin","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8485890"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2901840"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354203"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_28"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2014.36"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2013.34"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300083"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDEW.2019.00-44"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2019.00080"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6488902\/9679301\/09321132.pdf?arnumber=9321132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T02:15:24Z","timestamp":1733883324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9321132\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnse.2021.3050781","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4697","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2334-329X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}}}