{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:00:23Z","timestamp":1776276023407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Outstanding Doctoral Graduates Development Scholarship of Shanghai Jiao Tong University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W026813\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W026813\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute for Information and Communication Technology Planning and Evaluation","award":["RS-2024-00428780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00428780"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Information and Communication Technology Planning and Evaluation","award":["2022R1A5A1027646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A1027646"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2242025R10001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2242025R10001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62422111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62422111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Staff Research Startup Fund","award":["FRSF\/2024\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRSF\/2024\/03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2025.3613225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:45:41Z","timestamp":1758563141000},"page":"2305-2328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Contemporary Survey on Fluid Antenna Systems: Fundamentals and Networking Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3110-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanjiang","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Kit","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Byoung","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5584-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinghao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farshad Rostami","family":"Ghadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4642-0898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8496-9032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kin-Fai","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kuang-Chi Science Limited, Hong Kong, SAR, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3061701"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/888933536342"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900488"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2006.307294"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2013.6692652"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7263349"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3051603"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3191937"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.132.2200443"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3390000"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2022.3176194"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3536542"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.005.2400366"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001117"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICN.2022.0005"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2024.3415570"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3331706"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1900271"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900292"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3172270"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3171800"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3143454"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3385908"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2100191"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3347145"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3156632"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3149272"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3361173"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2020.2788"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2022.853416"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3006554"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3037595"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2021.3069325"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010177"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Design and implementation of mmWave surface wave enabled fluid antennas and experimental results for fluid antenna multiple access","author":"Shen","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2021.3069320"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2024.3489215"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2760348"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2399937"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288248"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.567923"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Historical review of fluid antennas and movable antennas","author":"Zhu","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","first-page":"5","article-title":"Pinching antenna: Using a dielectric waveguide as an antenna","volume":"23","author":"Fukuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"NTT DOCOMO Tech. J."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000162"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1367557"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.699"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.897057"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3170247"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3284320"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3284318"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3284312"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3418291"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3498855"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.002.2400490"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3602939"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3152451"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3276245"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3416700"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3463488"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3327063"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3336805"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3420768"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3458417"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3405636"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3480234"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3537294"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3590458"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops59551.2024.10615874"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC61545.2025.10978677"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3642688"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Joint beamforming and position optimization for fluid RIS-aided ISAC systems","author":"Ye","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"A first look at the performance enhancement potential of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface","author":"Salem","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3587070"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437770"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3446658"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3364712"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3622963"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCC62479.2024.10681905"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3366173"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3511579"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2025.3628255"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3347951"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3516499"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3133410"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3222574"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3255904"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3434509"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3363499"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3330932"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3488503"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3387855"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3540668"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3577771"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3344296"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3473991"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3376800"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2025.3612478"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2024.3415529"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6871674"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3542546"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3559441"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.017.2300527"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3328420"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9780470545287"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ell2.12487"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6GNet54646.2022.9830377"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3266411"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279640"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328154"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3230861"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9838484"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10447499"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3386153"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCWorkshops57813.2023.10233765"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3310535"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3385110"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3515135"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2710049"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/29.32276"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.382406"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSTA.1996.563747"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3591751"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771633"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops59551.2024.10615348"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSP53291.2023.10208068"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAPE62875.2024.10924461"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTT63363.2024.10750660"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAIIC64266.2025.10920759"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14071458"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2827057"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2015.7417423"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"LTE; evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA); radio frequency (RF) system scenarios","volume":"3","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.637380"},{"key":"ref135","volume-title":"IMT VisionFramework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2020 and Beyond","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2794368"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3454558"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488902\/11264281\/11175437.pdf?arnumber=11175437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T12:44:02Z","timestamp":1766061842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11175437\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":137,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnse.2025.3613225","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4697","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2334-329X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}