{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1784390560100,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":274,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZENITH Research and Leadership Career Development Fund","award":["ID23.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID23.01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","award":["ID24-0087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID24-0087"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space","award":["16KIS2412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KIS2412"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space","award":["16KISS005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KISS005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["341489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["341489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Program","award":["YESS2023066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YESS2023066"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2433782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2433782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Resilient and Intelligent NextG Systems"},{"name":"Horizon Europe Combinatorial Optimization for Versatile Applications to Emerging Urban Problems","award":["101086228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086228"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe Combinatorial Optimization for Versatile Applications to Emerging Urban Problems","award":["101129618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101129618"]}]},{"name":"Intelligent Connectivity Beyond Communications","award":["101139161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101139161"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe Intelligent Twinning of Wireless Networks for 6G","award":["101182794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101182794"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"France 2030 Project ANR-PEPR Networks of the Future","award":["NF-YACARI 22-PEFT-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NF-YACARI 22-PEFT-0005"]}]},{"name":"European Coordinated Research on Long-term Challenges in Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies","award":["CHIST-ERA-22-WAI-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHIST-ERA-22-WAI-04"]}]},{"name":"European Coordinated Research on Long-term Challenges in Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies","award":["ANR-23-CHR4-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CHR4-0003-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.K. Research and Innovation"},{"name":"U.K. Department of Science, Innovation and Technology"},{"name":"Communications Hub for Empowering Distributed Cloud Computing Applications and Research","award":["EP\/X040518\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X040518\/1"]}]},{"name":"Communications Hub for Empowering Distributed Cloud Computing Applications and Research","award":["EP\/Y037421\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y037421\/1"]}]},{"name":"All-Spectrum Connectivity Telecom Hub","award":["EP\/X040569\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X040569\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECCS-2302469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2302469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency's Adopting Sustainable Partnerships for Innovative Research Ecosystem","award":["JPMJAP2326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJAP2326"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2026.3666665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T21:18:17Z","timestamp":1771622297000},"page":"7825-7861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of ISAC in 6G Networks: Enabling Next-Generation Wireless Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5545-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umar Farooq","family":"Qaisar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou International Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onur","family":"G\u00fcnl\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl für Nachrichtentechnik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5416-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taneli","family":"Riihonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6323-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-6102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou International Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0828-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Gonzalez-Prelcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Di","family":"Renzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3155548"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-022-3652-2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-6079-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3573371"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2025.3584922"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2501-8_1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2024.10663789"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3565534"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit60053.2024.10597046"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0007.2300043"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57820-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3352092"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3314826"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.002.2400742"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200334"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3401745"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2024.3438359"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.002.2300496"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3191386"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Advancements in UAV-based integrated sensing and communication: A comprehensive survey","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3509978"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3562360"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2024.3405856"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.008.2400151"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3432871"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3575729"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2400042"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2400056"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3543558"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3521498"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2023.3321518"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2025.3532810"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2025.3550469"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3388511"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3525980"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3249835"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2921208"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Mobile Communication Networks: 5G and a Vision of 6G","author":"Boani","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3592989"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300119"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.004.00320"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0002.2200049"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2026.3658589"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3156632"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2023.3261505"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3355209"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2023.3272881"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2024.3420492"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2026.3655674"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3621272"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3564672"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3366233"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.70014"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en18112966"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3487822"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3058353"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652595"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3235618"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3199901"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3274037"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3574717"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.003.2400044"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3554376"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.2100688"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3397609"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTEAP.2025.3606464"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCS52304.2021.9376324"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9915408"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3221096"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3402266"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437255"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS65812.2025.11152843"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.006.2400013"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3584333"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3287540"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3435030"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3514573"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3190845"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"B-ISAC: Backscatter integrated sensing and communication for IoE applications","author":"Zhao"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3250442"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2300724"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.002.2200206"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3361173"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2023.3326064"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3409428"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3527130"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2400052"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3594049"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3659946"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2025.3529403"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3435912"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3377184"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3139042"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3315296"},{"key":"ref95","volume-title":"Millimeter Wave Radio Channels: Properties, Multipath Modeling and Simulations","author":"Iqbal","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Characterization of conjoint signals in correlated fading channels","author":"Omosa","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3580803"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Rl-aided cognitive ISAC: Robust detection and sensing-communication trade-offs","author":"Umra","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3563197"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3620287"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3225920"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2025.3571278"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3068356"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3534577"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3431573"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Extending the dynamic range in quantum frequency estimation with sequential weak measurements","author":"Direkci","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3583645"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3406598"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.006.2200480"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3552627"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3210307"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2025.3554012"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3481046"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2024.3387299"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2025.3575837"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3387391"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4381-8"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.923295"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tit.2025.3591267"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3167134"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3060858"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCOM55316.2022.9840846"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3422801"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmtt.2021.3094189"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3316888"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2006.346041"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"Frequency hopping waveform design for secure integrated sensing and communications","author":"Boroujeni","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2698415"},{"key":"ref129","article-title":"Frequency range 3 for ISAC in 6G: Potentials and challenges","author":"Baduge","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3404491"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3521647"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3349276"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3505918"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3567553"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3344143"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3446589"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3376557"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3362973"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3483041"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3543405"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC65282.2025.11059433"},{"key":"ref142","article-title":"Beam squint assisted joint angle-distance localization for near-field communications","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3599375"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3385908"},{"key":"ref145","article-title":"Feature lead summary #2 on 6GR waveform","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3449799"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3546475"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2024.3366772"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3509973"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3412213"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3367490"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3158695"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3382668"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300153"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3636534.3698228"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2025-Spring65109.2025.11174474"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2024.3444195"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3224212"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17081355"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3557865"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2024.3427373"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcomstd.2026.3665540"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3411643"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WAMS59642.2024.10528084"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITIKD63574.2025.11004772"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3219463"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCWorkshops57813.2023.10233825"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3240714"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3586560"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069707"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3425314"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2022.3198805"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRS.2025.3563492"},{"key":"ref174","article-title":"Data-free quantization of neural receivers: When 4-bit succeeds, why 6-bit matters for 6G","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS 2025 Workshop, AI ML Next- Gener. Wireless Commun. Netw","author":"Yellapragada","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIOT.2025.3601077"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3540519"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2024.3457817"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3574795"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2026.3674358"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17060257"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3428705"},{"key":"ref182","article-title":"Multi-objective aerial IRS-assisted ISAC optimization via generative AI-enhanced deep reinforcement learning","author":"Xie","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2024.3450883"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3613672"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC57260.2024.10571266"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3376800"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2025.3599658"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3588548"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0001.2300063"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAIT.2023.3275048"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3450792"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.018.2300607"},{"key":"ref193","article-title":"From ground to sky: Architectures, applications, and challenges shaping low-altitude wireless networks","author":"Yuan","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTEAP.2025.3602748"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2500146"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3611518"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2023.3304846"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2024.3476228"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3375899"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3392330"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3542206"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2026.3665143"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3375818"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2022.3215683"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3416892"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3531561"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3545585"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3548760"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.005.2200440"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3509453"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.006.2200730"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3589478"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lawp.2025.3597972"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57137-6"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3424849"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3372144"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD62243.2024.10942742"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2025.3576162"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3506162"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2024.3496877"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3564756"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT59356.2023.10419792"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622950"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2300046"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3422348"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3109669"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2025.1312003"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2023.3234263"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-44-322143-9.00029-1"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3591928"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3383807"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2025.3586152"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3519785"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.002.2100972"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3413687"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2300660"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3531545"},{"key":"ref238","article-title":"AI-powered urban transportation digital twin: Methods and applications","author":"Di","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3465897"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3484573"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4423-4"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2025.3622371"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops57953.2023.10283528"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3560035"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC59610.2024.10817219"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.019.2200605"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3398504"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3122994"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2025.07.028"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3243918"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3071496"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2025.3532887"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3425152"},{"key":"ref254","article-title":"Joint semantic communication and target sensing for 6G communication system","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3460061"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su16167039"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2024.3355936"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2022.3209641"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04243-9","volume-title":"The Power of Complex Systems: Unlocking Intelligence in Mobile Communication Networks","author":"Scat","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2025.3583251"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3439398"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3568496"},{"key":"ref263","article-title":"Integrating sensing and communications in 6G? Not until it is secure to do so","author":"Su","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3573160"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17156664"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394201235"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3555753"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2025.3631765"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2022.3192040"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan14020030"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3502394"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173834857.74072511\/v1","article-title":"Innovative segmentation-based routing in VANETs: Leveraging the advantages of TD-ISAC","author":"Fooladi","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37920-8_2"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13070584"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/6488902\/11264281\/11404239-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488902\/11264281\/11404239.pdf?arnumber=11404239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T20:07:25Z","timestamp":1775678845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11404239\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":274,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnse.2026.3666665","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4697","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2334-329X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}