{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:34:46Z","timestamp":1775745286530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62371289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62331022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62331022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2026.3670825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:02:37Z","timestamp":1772830957000},"page":"7599-7613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sensing With Unknown Signals: ISAC Enabled Distributed Passive Sensing for Multi-Target Detection and Localization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6091-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5172-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7226-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanshuo","family":"Gang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Target Cognition Information Processing Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4700-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianqi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-space, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Jamalipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC49053.2021.9417324"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2025.3532887"},{"issue":"Tech. Rep. 22","key":"ref3","article-title":"SA1: Study on integrated sensing and communication","volume":"837","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICN.2023.0021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2024.3372509"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3362515"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3574922"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC58020.2023.10182512"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTEAP.2025.3606464"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC59610.2024.10817226"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC62392.2025.11274965"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2023-Fall60731.2023.10333766"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcomstd.2025.3641236"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.1995.522513"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2236324"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.1995.522563"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2016.7485126"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2014.7060403"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2986589"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3262291"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3069767"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3113120"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.010.2100152"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3156632"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3196685"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2026.3666665"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3609766"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2500371"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3435912"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3414001"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3577377"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3290033"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2025.3581616"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3608746"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Low-altitude wireless networks: A survey","author":"Wu","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3180803"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3117404"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.009.2300501"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.fa.2022-0578.202306"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.03.001"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.018.2300607"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2400670"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3122519"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3541389"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3534577"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3109431"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3244195"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.003.2200096"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3304856"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3301006"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3375818"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3514113"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3583640"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3111432"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3596566"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3364163"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC62392.2025.11275359"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2730998"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142708"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2320462"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2013.6810317"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2016.7485210"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2980838"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/URSI-EMTS.2010.5637018"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2015.7327024"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.1997.604942"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPA.2007.4555591"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417804"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.476442"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1983.309350"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1982.309210"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3324952"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"LTE positioning protocol (LPP)","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), NG-RAN; NR positioning protocol a (NRPPa)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAS.2025.3545784"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3121635"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3567821"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPEC61310.2024.00076"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2005.1465082"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2018.2855662"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2019.8891248"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3837\/tiis.2025.04.016"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1946.234568"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2025.3557403"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488902\/11264281\/11424004.pdf?arnumber=11424004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:20:23Z","timestamp":1774588823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11424004\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":84,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnse.2026.3670825","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4697","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2334-329X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}