{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:54:27Z","timestamp":1773510867115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011875","name":"CAPES, CNPq, FAPEMIG, MCTIC\/RNP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011875","name":"CAPES, CNPq, FAPEMIG, MCTIC\/RNP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MASWeb, EUBra-BIGSEA, INCT-Cyber, ATMOSPHERE, TLHOP"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1740883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1740883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1835252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1835252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2021.3061486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T20:53:48Z","timestamp":1614113628000},"page":"3170-3183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Identifying Networks Vulnerable to IP Spoofing"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1995-4336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-7775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Italo","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elverton","family":"Fazzion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Meira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brivaldo Alves da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9144-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo A.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Katz-Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663743"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30505-9_26"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24240"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815719"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342356.2342435"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Internet topology discovery using active probing","author":"colitti","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2020","journal-title":"IP to ASN mapping"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2015","journal-title":"RIPE Routing Information Service"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2021","journal-title":"University of Oregon RouteViews Project"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2013","journal-title":"RIPE Atlas"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155493"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2870828"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2015.2494039"},{"key":"ref63","author":"ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Network ingress filtering"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098853"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"8","article-title":"The spoofer project: Inferring the extent of source address filtering on the Internet","author":"beverly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Steps Reducing Unwanted Traffic Internet Steps Reducing Unwanted Traffic Internet Workshop (SRUTI)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3211852.3211855"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644936"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"111","article-title":"Exit from hell? reducing the impact of amplification DDoS attacks","author":"k\u00fchrer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 23rd USENIX Conf Security Symp"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644923"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978293"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359989.3365422"},{"key":"ref2","author":"prince","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technical Details behind A 400Gbps NTP Amplification DDoS Attack"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663717"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2827"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc5575"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131365.3131379"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815712"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"208","article-title":"Tracking down sources of spoofed IP packets","author":"fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc IFIP Netw"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2774993.2775063"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815717"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2012.06.056"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2766636"},{"key":"ref59","author":"graham-cumming","year":"2017","journal-title":"No Scrubs The Architecture That Made Unmetered Mitigation Possible"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2020","journal-title":"Why Akamai Cloud Security for DDoS Protection?"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2021","journal-title":"CloudFlare&#x2014;Advanced DDoS Protection and Mitigation"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2011.5928950"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2010.5462151"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851182.1851215"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1330107.1330147"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.031413.00127"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.11.020"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.06.003"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504735"},{"key":"ref12","author":"bellovin","year":"2003","journal-title":"ICMP traceback messages"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2007.911427"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2002.804827"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26362-5_28"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"477","article-title":"Broad and load-aware anycast mapping","author":"de vries","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc of Internet Measurement Conference (IMC)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131365.3131367"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3309697.3331493"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359989.3365414"},{"key":"ref4","author":"newman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Github Survived The Biggest Ddos Attack Ever Recorded"},{"key":"ref3","author":"york","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dyn Statement on 10\/21\/2016 DDoS Attack"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Akamai Q4 2016 State of the Internet&#x2014;Security Report"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505659.505664"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"319","article-title":"Tracing anonymous packets to their approximate source","author":"burch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf Syst Admin"},{"key":"ref7","author":"targett","year":"2020","journal-title":"AWS Hit With a Record 2 3 Tbps DDoS Attack"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2869798"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.929847"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"605","article-title":"ZMap: Fast Internet-wide scanning and its security applications","author":"durumeric","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 22nd USENIX Security Symp (USENIX Security)"},{"key":"ref45","author":"lyon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nmap Network Scanning The Official Nmap Project Guide to Network Discovery and Security Scanning"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486036"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2465529.2465762"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.974527"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2018","journal-title":"BGP Churn"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"A reproducibility study of &#x2019;IP spoofing detection in inter-domain traffic","author":"eumann","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"325","article-title":"Sibyl: A practical Internet route oracle","author":"cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 13th USENIX Symp Netw Syst Design Implement (NSDI)"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4275028\/9530845\/09360876.pdf?arnumber=9360876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:52:50Z","timestamp":1652194370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9360876\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2021.3061486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4537","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7379","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}