{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T03:00:36Z","timestamp":1794538836422,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2023.3252818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T18:42:14Z","timestamp":1678128134000},"page":"1487-1501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Semi-Decentralized Federated Edge Learning With Data and Device Heterogeneity"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7881-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-4137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5222-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-level local SGD: Distributed SGD for heterogeneous hierarchical networks","author":"castiglia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Represent (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"4387","article-title":"The non-IID data quagmire of decentralized machine learning","author":"hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Local averaging helps: Hierarchical federated learning and convergence analysis","author":"wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2010 12998"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from Tiny images","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3025446"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"FedML: A research library and benchmark for federated machine learning","author":"he","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2007 13518"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2904348"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"7252","article-title":"Bayesian nonparametric federated learning of neural networks","author":"yurochkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"4855","article-title":"D2: Decentralized training over decentralized data","author":"tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adaptive communication strategies to achieve the best error-runtime trade-off in local-update SGD","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Mach Learn Syst"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9148862"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2986024"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/16M1080173"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9839045"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771904"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2974748"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995583"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2956615"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"4427","article-title":"Federated multi-task learning","author":"smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 31st Adv Neural Inf Process Syst (NeurIPS)"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Asynchronous federated optimization","author":"xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Optim Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761315"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2011.110603"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3118422"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00224-002-1056-4"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"165","article-title":"Optimal distributed online prediction using mini-batches","volume":"13","author":"dekel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3118435"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3046509"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2020.2994391"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"7611","article-title":"Tackling the objective inconsistency problem in heterogeneous federated optimization","author":"wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 34th Conf Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSIPN.2022.3151242"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3126081"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","author":"mcmahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Intell Stat (AISTATS)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3007787"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2745201"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1900271"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"State of the IoT 2020: 12 billion IoT connections, surpassing non-IoT for the first time","author":"lueth","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2935189"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3103320"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4275028\/10168539\/10059225.pdf?arnumber=10059225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T17:43:55Z","timestamp":1689615835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10059225\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2023.3252818","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4537","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7379","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}