{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:50:54Z","timestamp":1774965054287,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Discovery Grant-Individual"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Grant-Individual"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant #62272028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant #62272028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2023.3322622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T17:54:03Z","timestamp":1696614843000},"page":"1777-1790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Toward Decentralization in DPoS Systems: Election, Voting, and Leader Selection Using Virtual Stake"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Mi\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7760-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vojislav B.","family":"Mi\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2975-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00207"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Rewards and penalties on Ethereum 2.0 [phase 0]","author":"Beck","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"The Corda platform: An introduction","author":"Brown","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform","author":"Buterin","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Combining GHOST and casper","author":"Buterin","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv.2003.03052"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BRAINS49436.2020.9223272"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nem.2179"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practical byzantine fault tolerance","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. Operat. Syst. Design Implement.","author":"Castro"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32101-7_2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78375-8_3"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132757"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"EOS\u2014An introduction, White Paper","author":"Grigg","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3038550"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-021-01749-x"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Stochastic models in operations research","volume-title":"Stochastic Processes and Operating Characteristics","volume":"I","author":"Heyman","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2946988"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392155"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3575654"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC55113.2022.9825341"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63688-7_12"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Queuing systems","volume-title":"Volume I: Theory","author":"Kleinrock","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Delegated proof of stake (DPoS)","author":"Larimer","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nem.2093"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-59638-5_2"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Understanding the decentralization of DPoS: Perspectives from data-driven analysis on EOSIO","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv.2201.06187"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BLOC.2019.8751484"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10001051"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2019.2928716"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3048291"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BRAINS52497.2021.9569791"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Scalable role-based access control using the EOS blockchain","author":"Rahman","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Introduction to the Theory of Queues","author":"Tak\u00e1cs","year":"1962"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Queueing analysis","volume-title":"Vacation and Priority Systems","volume":"1","author":"Takagi","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"TRON: Advanced decentralized blockchain platform","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"EOS: An architectural, performance, and economic analysis","author":"Xu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRITO51393.2021.9596420"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4275028\/10499985\/10273614.pdf?arnumber=10273614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T05:38:13Z","timestamp":1713245893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10273614\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2023.3322622","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4537","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7379","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}