{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T04:01:02Z","timestamp":1749355262605,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project","award":["K_23 146347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K_23 146347"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3542960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T20:23:58Z","timestamp":1740083038000},"page":"2427-2440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Scalability Issues of Blockchains With Hypergraph Payment Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Arad","family":"Kotzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Technion&#x2014;Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}]},{"given":"Bence","family":"Lad\u00f3czki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3512-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Tapolcai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-1238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ori","family":"Rottenstreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Department of Computer Science, Technion&#x2014;Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021902491850053X"},{"volume-title":"The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments","year":"2016","author":"Poon","key":"ref2"},{"volume-title":"Raiden network","year":"2017","key":"ref3"},{"volume-title":"Plasma: Scalable autonomous smart contracts","year":"2017","author":"Poon","key":"ref4"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Ant routing scalability for the lightning network","author":"Grunspan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2002.01374"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Ant routing algorithm for the lightning network","author":"Grunspan","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1807.00151"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134033"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCCA58897.2023.10338854"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3456229"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21741-3_1"},{"volume-title":"Eltoo: A simple layer 2 protocol for bitcoin","year":"2018","author":"Decker","key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61137-5"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3391403.3399533"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100822"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2941448"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2022.103539"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC56567.2023.10174986"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00020"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3372604"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/s0097539795284959"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993636.1993651"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2090236.2090263"},{"article-title":"DIZK: A distributed zero knowledge proof system","year":"2018","author":"Wu","key":"ref23"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180089"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3297280.3297312"},{"article-title":"NOCUST-a non-custodial 2nd-layer financial intermediary","year":"2018","author":"Khalil","key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36938-5_30"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3101808"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978389"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243853"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796859"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"95","article-title":"Monoxide: Scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Design Implement. (NSDI)","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chainspace: A sharded smart contract platform","volume-title":"Proc. Netw. Distrib. Syst. Secur. Symp. (NDSS)","author":"Sonnino"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.000-5"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60469-5"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3022045"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092784"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Flow: Separating consensus and compute","author":"Hentschel","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1909.05821"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3312614.3312629"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32101-7_30"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341301.3359627"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Imbalance measure and proactive channel rebalancing algorithm for the lightning network","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1912.09555"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359989.3365411"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","article-title":"High throughput cryptocurrency routing in payment channel networks","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Design Implement. (NSDI)","author":"Sivaraman"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/aba062"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-64322-8_8"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Probing channel balances in the lightning network","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2004.00333"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321705.3329812"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0009429200070014"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Hijacking routes in payment channel networks: A predictability tradeoff","author":"Tochner","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1909.06890"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW.2019.00045"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-64331-0_9"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51280-4_16"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21428\/58320208.d4cd697e"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"How to charge lightning: The economics of bitcoin transaction channels","author":"Br\u00e2nzei","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1712.10222"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00305-0_6"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2020.00286"},{"volume-title":"Lightning RFC: Lightning network specifications","year":"2021","key":"ref58"},{"volume-title":"Raiden network 3.0.1 documentation","year":"2022","key":"ref59"},{"volume-title":"The Lightning Network Grew by 1212% in 2 Years","year":"2023","key":"ref60"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00061"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25080\/tcwv9851"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Computers and Intractability","volume":"174","author":"Garey","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-0208(08)73101-3"},{"article-title":"Simulating high-throughput cryptocurrency payment channel networks","year":"2017","author":"Cordi","key":"ref65"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3046020"},{"volume-title":"BitVMs: Compute anything on bitcoin","year":"2023","author":"Linus","key":"ref67"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Algorand","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1607.01341"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA220250"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2024.3445274"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4275028\/11027486\/10896831.pdf?arnumber=10896831","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T04:23:45Z","timestamp":1749270225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10896831\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3542960","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-4537"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2373-7379"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}}}