{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:33:33Z","timestamp":1773927213143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFB3106801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3106801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["BK20231413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20231413"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics","award":["BK20233002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20233002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"and the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20A20156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3563538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T13:56:33Z","timestamp":1745416593000},"page":"3513-3527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Detection Scheme for Multiplexed Asymmetric Workload DDoS Attacks in High-Speed Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fuhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8829-0182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5779-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4172-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Record 25.3 Billion Request Multiplexing DDoS Attack Mitigated by Imperva","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.031413.00127","article-title":"A survey of defense mechanisms against distributed denial of service (DDoS) flooding attacks","volume":"15","author":"Zargar","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2870658","article-title":"DDoS attacks at the application layer: Challenges and research perspectives for safeguarding Web applications","volume":"21","author":"Praseed","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448291"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2950121"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115697","article-title":"Fuzzy request set modelling for detecting multiplexed asymmetric DDoS attacks on HTTP\/2 servers","volume":"186","author":"Praseed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2012.07.004","article-title":"Detecting denial of service by modelling Web-server behaviour","volume":"39","author":"Giralte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Elect. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2017.10.003","article-title":"HTTP flood attack detection in application layer using machine learning metrics and bio inspired bat algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Sreeram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inform."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20034-7_12"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/IFIPNetworking57963.2023.10186410"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Http\/2: In-Depth Analysis of the Top Four Flaws of the Next Generation Web Protocol","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2017.09.009","article-title":"Slow rate denial of service attacks against HTTP\/2 and detection","volume":"72","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-015-0528-7"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"550","article-title":"H2DoS: An application-layer DoS attack towards HTTP\/2 protocol","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Secur. Privacy Commun. Syst.","author":"Ling"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17140-6_23"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2008.926503","article-title":"DDoS-shield: DDoS-resilient scheduling to counter application layer attacks","volume":"17","author":"Ranjan","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3017928"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"361","article-title":"Detection of application layer DDoS attack by feature learning using stacked AutoEncoder","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Techn. Inf. Commun. Technol. (ICCTICT)","author":"Yadav"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2632678","article-title":"Application-layer DDoS attack detection using explicit duration recurrent network-based application-layer protocol communication models","volume":"2023","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114520","article-title":"Detection of DDoS attacks with feed forward based deep neural network model","volume":"169","author":"Cil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.102748","article-title":"A new DDoS attacks intrusion detection model based on deep learning for cybersecurity","volume":"118","author":"Akgun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103251","article-title":"Towards DDoS attack detection using deep learning approach","volume":"129","author":"Aktar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-020-01036-8"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3264278"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.2971776","article-title":"Lucid: A practical, lightweight deep learning solution for DDoS attack detection","volume":"17","author":"Doriguzzi-Corin","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"2838","article-title":"A lightweight flow-based DDoS detection approach using dual convolutional kernels","volume-title":"Proc. China Autom. Congr. (CAC)","author":"Liang"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Cicddos2019 dataset","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.04.015","article-title":"Stealthy denial of service (DoS) attack modelling and detection for HTTP\/2 services","volume":"91","author":"Adi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.109825","article-title":"PD-CPS: A practical scheme for detecting covert port scans in high-speed networks","volume":"231","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Linux kernel hash implementation","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"nghttp2: HTTP\/2 C library and tools suite","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"MAWI working group traffic archive","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","article-title":"SMOTE: Synthetic minority over-sampling technique","volume":"16","author":"Chawla","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4275028\/11118327\/10974677.pdf?arnumber=10974677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T17:44:34Z","timestamp":1754588674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10974677\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3563538","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4537","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7379","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}