{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:31:56Z","timestamp":1767706316615,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013064","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant No","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE2021002-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2021002-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3577192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T13:42:12Z","timestamp":1749217332000},"page":"4636-4650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Do Characteristic Parameters Affect the Security of Proof-of-Work Blockchain?"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihao","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-4790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6387-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","volume-title":"Proc. Decent. Bus. Rev.","author":"Nakamoto","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.111555"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579845"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJICC-05-2022-0126"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2020.3038950"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3048853"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179426"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2023.3347716"},{"volume-title":"Coinmarketcap.","year":"2024","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382196.2382292"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54970-4_30"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70278-0_17"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3302815"},{"article-title":"Accelerating Bitcoin\u2019s transaction processing. fast money grows on trees, not chains","year":"2013","author":"Sompolinsky","key":"ref14"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47854-7_32"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/P2P.2013.6688704"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155451"},{"volume-title":"Distributed Systems","year":"2017","author":"Van Steen","key":"ref19"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354203"},{"volume-title":"Bitcoin nodes vs Bitcoin miners: What\u2019s the difference?","year":"2021","author":"Gough","key":"ref22"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref23","first-page":"527","article-title":"Network simulations with the ns-3 simulator","volume":"14","author":"Henderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"SIGCOMM Demonst."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00038"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978341"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-024-04645-7"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7566\/jpscp.40.011007"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW.2018.00013"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00086"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308897.3308956"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3138528"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16336-4_16"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4275028\/11194281\/11027570.pdf?arnumber=11027570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:38:44Z","timestamp":1759945124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11027570\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3577192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-4537"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2373-7379"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}