{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:50:44Z","timestamp":1764960644129,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2436601","U21B2003","62072250","61602247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2436601","U21B2003","62072250","61602247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021QY0700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021QY0700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3597075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T18:39:52Z","timestamp":1754678392000},"page":"6200-6214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["STAP: Leveraging State-Transition Adversarial Perturbations for Asymmetric Website Fingerprinting Defenses"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8216-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Nan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1787-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8085-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengyuan","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1859-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Mellia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.12.037"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP54263.2024.00247"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-71017-0_11"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3208196"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3253559"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660362"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45744-4_2"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3039691"},{"volume-title":"DAITA: Defense against ai-guided traffic analysis","year":"2025","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Walkie-talkie: An efficient defense against passive Website fingerprinting attacks","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security Symp.","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0023"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3327662"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243824"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.20"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3304528"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2007.4454922"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13635-016-0030-7"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS.2018.8624124"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11416-017-0306-6"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24412"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3071595"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737507"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2022.3191312"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485447.3512217"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543507.3583473"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2012.28"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2665943.2665949"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2022-0049"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3267885"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"717","article-title":"Zero-delay lightweight defenses against Website fingerprinting","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security Symp.","author":"Gong"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2705","article-title":"Defeating DNN-based traffic analysis systems in real-time with blind adversarial perturbations","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security Symp.","author":"Nasr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474369.3486875"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3186743"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3423351"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570726"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipl.2005.11.003"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"771","article-title":"QCSD: A QUIC client-side Website-fingerprinting defence framework","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security Symp.","author":"Smith"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2016.23477"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243832"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833722"},{"volume-title":"A QUIC implementation in pure go","year":"2025","key":"ref41"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4275028\/11278396\/11121331.pdf?arnumber=11121331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:38:33Z","timestamp":1764959913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11121331\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3597075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-4537"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2373-7379"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}