{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:37:29Z","timestamp":1772642249312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2221-E-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2221-E-011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3599919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T19:44:10Z","timestamp":1755546250000},"page":"5597-5618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Energy-Efficient Softwarized Networks: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwan","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0534-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binayak","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan-Hsiang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Sustainable development","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Smarter2030: ICT solutions for 21st century challenges","volume-title":"GeSI"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.239"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2021.100340"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Guidance for ICT Companies Setting Science Based Targets: Mobile Networks Operators, Fixed Networks Operators and Data Centres Operators","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Net zero by 2050\u2014Analysis","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Broadband Commission Calls on World Leaders to Prioritize Universal Connectivity as Fundamental to Sustainable Development & Global Recovery","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"G.W.A.T.T. (Global \u2019What If\u2019 Analyzer of Network Energy Consumption)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"The Case for Committing to Greener Telecom Networks","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Energy efficiency: An overview","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.071410.00073","article-title":"Energy efficiency in the future Internet: A survey of existing approaches and trends in energy-aware fixed network infrastructures","volume":"13","author":"Bolla","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2017.04.001","article-title":"Energy saving in carrier-grade networks: A survey","volume":"55","author":"Maaloul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"65","volume-title":"The Mobile Economy 2021","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.113010.00106","article-title":"A survey of green networking research","volume":"14","author":"Bianzino","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2656204"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241038"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Network Softwarization View of 5G Networks","author":"Al-Dulaimi","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2815638","article-title":"Network slicing and softwarization: A survey on principles, enabling technologies, and solutions","volume":"20","author":"Afolabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2892806","article-title":"Flexibility in softwarized networks: Classifications and research challenges","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2895553","article-title":"Adaptable and data-driven softwarized networks: Review, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"107","author":"Kellerer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2618874","article-title":"Software defined networking architecture, security and energy efficiency: A survey","volume":"19","author":"Rawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166384","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3022291","article-title":"AI-assisted framework for green-routing and load balancing in hybrid software-defined networking: Proposal, challenges and future perspective","volume":"8","author":"Etengu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25421","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2771938","article-title":"Softwarization and optimization for sustainable future mobile networks: A survey","volume":"5","author":"Temesgene","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.04.001"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8618364","article-title":"Softwarization of mobile network functions towards agile and energy efficient 5G architectures: A survey","volume":"2017","author":"Thembelihle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3003261","article-title":"On energy efficient resource allocation in shared RANs: Survey and qualitative analysis","volume":"22","author":"Marzouk","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88902","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3071649","article-title":"Softwarization of 5G networks\u2014Implications to open platforms and standardizations","volume":"9","author":"Lake","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2933899","article-title":"A survey on security and privacy of 5G technologies: Potential solutions, recent advancements, and future directions","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2869320","article-title":"Softwarization and network coding in the mobile edge cloud for the tactile Internet","volume":"107","author":"Cabrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2550338","article-title":"A survey of energy-efficient techniques for 5G networks and challenges ahead","volume":"34","author":"Buzzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3142532"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2481183"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406208"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119765554.ch4"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi10010003"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2371999","article-title":"Software-defined networking: A comprehensive survey","volume":"103","author":"Kreutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Software-defined networking (SDN) definition","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2477041","article-title":"Network function virtualization: State-of-the-art and research challenges","volume":"18","author":"Mijumbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3264005"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Network functions virtualisation (nfv); architectural framework","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.01.021","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of network function virtualization","volume":"133","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2016.2598420","article-title":"Resource allocation in NFV: A comprehensive survey","volume":"13","author":"Gil Herrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2489183","article-title":"Survey on network virtualization hypervisors for software defined networking","volume":"18","author":"Blenk","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/956993.956995"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106984","article-title":"5G network slicing using SDN and NFV: A survey of taxonomy, architectures and future challenges","volume":"167","author":"Barakabitze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119675525.ch3"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600951"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.04.008"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Onap","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Open source mano","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2785410"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5897","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2791630","article-title":"Distributed power saving for large-scale software-defined data center networks","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2876338","article-title":"Energy-efficient service provisioning in inter-data center elastic optical networks","volume":"3","author":"Hadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2019.2947900","article-title":"Energy-efficient device activation, rule installation and data transmission in software defined DCNs","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10018","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3048524","article-title":"Power-efficient software defined data center network","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.07.027"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2021.3139014"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2796613","article-title":"Joint minimization of the energy costs from computing, data transmission, and migrations in cloud data centers","volume":"2","author":"Canali","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2018.2842074","article-title":"Priority-aware VM allocation and network bandwidth provisioning in software-defined networking (SDN)-enabled clouds","volume":"4","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sustain. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5293","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2999134","article-title":"EnFlow: An energy-efficient fast flow forwarding scheme for software-defined networks","volume":"22","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3045690"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2782216","article-title":"Joint resource allocation for software-defined networking, caching, and computing","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2842123","article-title":"Bringing energy aware routing closer to reality with SDN hybrid networks","volume":"2","author":"Huin","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.2973621","article-title":"RESDN: A novel metric and method for energy efficient routing in software defined networks","volume":"17","author":"Assefa","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NoF50125.2020.9249089"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2021.3082617"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2021.3116325"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3175901"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2806221","article-title":"3DQoE-oriented and energy-efficient 2D plus depth based 3D video streaming over centrally controlled networks","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2832658","article-title":"Energy-aware routing in carrier-grade Ethernet using SDN approach","volume":"2","author":"Maaloul","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5583","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.3009315","article-title":"Deep learning-based traffic prediction for energy efficiency optimization in software-defined networking","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.3010971","article-title":"PLOFR: An online flow route framework for power saving and load balance in SDN","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11172739"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"MER-SDN: Machine learning framework for traffic aware energy efficient routing in SDN","author":"Assefa","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:1909.08074v3"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3059647"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2018.2875696","article-title":"A routing framework for offloading traffic from cellular networks to SDN-based multi-hop device-to-device networks","volume":"15","author":"Abolhasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2868932"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2920363"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2019.2953597"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2019.2937481"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2955129"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2869629"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2948203"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2021.3122078"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3122370"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3130661"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3102130"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2020.2966970","article-title":"An energy-efficient SDN controller architecture for IoT networks with blockchain-based security","volume":"13","author":"Yazdinejad","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Services Comput."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211434","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3039975","article-title":"An energy-efficient topology design and DDoS attacks mitigation for green software-defined satellite network","volume":"8","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3058140"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3142073"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3029015"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2021.3086418"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3187077"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2019.2907110","article-title":"EDCSuS: Sustainable edge data centers as a service in SDN-enabled vehicular environment","volume":"7","author":"Aujla","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sustain. Comput."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.06.003"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2021.3056772"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2889576","article-title":"Energy-aware mapping and scheduling of network flows with deadlines on VNFs","volume":"3","author":"Assi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2019.2961192","article-title":"A model-based approach towards real-time analytics in NFV infrastructures","volume":"4","author":"Bolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3066517"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3147146"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid54584.2022.00060"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2021.3050717"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068342"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2019.8845314"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2020.2982821","article-title":"Green cloud multimedia networking: NFV\/SDN based energy-efficient resource allocation","volume":"4","author":"Montazerolghaem","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2020.100494"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2020.3042675","article-title":"Energy-saving and resource-efficient algorithm for virtual network function placement with network scaling","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2019.2947554","article-title":"Near-optimal energy-efficient algorithm for virtual network function placement","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.01.019"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.02.002"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44939","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2907798","article-title":"Optimized energy aware 5G network function virtualization","volume":"7","author":"Al-Quzweeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9205","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2930657","article-title":"Joint traffic routing and virtualized security function activation in wireless multihop networks","volume":"68","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3020390","article-title":"Study of virtual network function placement in 5G cloud radio access network","volume":"17","author":"Arzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LNET.2021.3065651"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194333","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3033879","article-title":"Optimum functional splits for optimizing energy consumption in V-RAN","volume":"8","author":"Ismail","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Learning based E2E energy efficient in joint radio and NFV resource allocation for 5G and beyond networks","author":"Gholipoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2107.05991"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2870294","article-title":"NLES: A novel lifetime extension scheme for safety-critical cyber-physical systems using SDN and NFV","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10673","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3011057","article-title":"Improved QoS at the edge using serverless computing to deploy virtual network functions","volume":"7","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3387705"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3029742"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B37","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.11.000B37","article-title":"Low-latency and energy-efficient BBU placement and VPON formation in virtualized cloud-fog RAN","volume":"11","author":"Tinini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3110246"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3187463"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3141165"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3072155"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4734821"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3186911"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B58","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.10.000B58","article-title":"Location-aware energy efficient virtual network embedding in software-defined optical data center networks","volume":"10","author":"Zong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2019.04.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2019.2958367","article-title":"Congestion-aware and energy-aware virtual network embedding","volume":"28","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2020.2976966","article-title":"Energy aware virtual network migration","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2017.2782370","article-title":"Energy cost optimization in dynamic placement of virtualized network function chains","volume":"15","author":"Kar","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.10.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2018.2865204","article-title":"A constrained shortest path scheme for virtual network service management","volume":"16","author":"Chemodanov","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106952"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2950393"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.10.000114","article-title":"Energy-efficient service function chain provisioning","volume":"10","author":"Huin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2019.2944023","article-title":"A fast near-optimal approach for energy-aware SFC deployment","volume":"16","author":"Farkiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2019.2944170","article-title":"ESSO: An energy smart service function chain orchestrator","volume":"16","author":"Bari","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6116","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2970995","article-title":"Energy-efficient provisioning for service function chains to support delay-sensitive applications in network function virtualization","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108492"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3055693","article-title":"Holu: Power-aware and delay-constrained VNF placement and chaining","volume":"18","author":"Varasteh","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3109269"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2022.3176473"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2872519","article-title":"Network virtualization with energy efficiency optimization for wireless heterogeneous networks","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput."},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3110823"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3053612","article-title":"Constrained reinforcement learning for resource allocation in network slicing","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2022.3162116"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771610"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771560"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.03.050"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2019.2945254","article-title":"Distributed network slicing in large scale IoT based on coalitional multi-game theory","volume":"16","author":"Dawaliby","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manag."},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3193883"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3159227"},{"key":"ref157","volume-title":"The Case for Committing to Greener Telecom Networks","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref158","volume-title":"Green software foundation","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472883.3487009"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2965856"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4275028\/11278396\/11129111.pdf?arnumber=11129111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:38:34Z","timestamp":1764959914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11129111\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":160,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2025.3599919","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4537","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7379","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}